Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computational research on interaction and agency, part 2
Why looking isn't always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming
Communications of the ACM
Realization of a geometry-theorem proving machine
Computers & thought
Human Problem Solving
User sketches: a quick, inexpensive, and effective way to elicit more reflective user feedback
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Usability evaluation considered harmful (some of the time)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pair programming and the re-appropriation of individual tools for collaborative software development
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication
The efficacy of prototyping under time constraints
Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Tactile diagrams: worth ten thousand words?
Diagrams'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Diagrammatic representation and inference
Framing, aligning, paradoxing, abstracting, and directing: how design mood boards work
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
CoExist: overcoming aversion to change
Proceedings of the 8th symposium on Dynamic languages
EventHurdle: supporting designers' exploratory interaction prototyping with gesture-based sensors
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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External representations such as diagrams, sketches, charts, graphs and scribbles on napkins play facilitatory roles in inference, problem-solving and understanding (e.g. [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9]). How does the externality and visibility of representations facilitate inference and problem-solving? One benefit of external representations is on memory. They reduce working memory load by providing external tokens for the elements that must otherwise be kept in mind. This frees working memory to perform mental calculations on the elements rather than both keeping elements in mind and operating on them [2],[9]. External representations also serve as visuo-spatial retrieval cues for long term memory, evoking relevant information that might not otherwise be retrieved. Another benefit of external representations is to promote discovery and inference, both visuo-spatial and metaphorical. Perceptual judgements about size, distance, and direction are easily made from external representations (e.g.[4]). In a Venn diagram, set relations such as inclusion are abstractly mapped onto visuo-spatial diagrammatic features, enabling direct perceptual calculation. Visuospatial features such as proximity, connectivity, and alignment provide useful hints to selection of appropriate inference paths (e.g.[1],[6],[8]) and to proper understanding of the structure of a target system (e.g.[5]). Calculations requiring counting, sorting, or ordering are easily made by rearranging external spaces (e.g. [7]).