Pictorial communication: pictures and the synthetic universe
Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments
Virtual reality: through the new looking glass
Virtual reality: through the new looking glass
What are virtual environments?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Cognitive issues in virtual reality
Virtual environments and advanced interface design
The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments
The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments
Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges
Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges
Evaluation of walking in place on a Wii balance board to explore a virtual environment
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Torso versus gaze direction to navigate a VE by walking in place
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Does neck viewing angle affect spatial orientation in an HMD-based VE?
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
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Spatial orientation strongly relies on visual and whole-body information available while moving through space. As virtual environments allow to isolate the contribution of visual information from the contribution of whole-body information, they are an attractive methodological means to investigate the role of visual information for spatial orientation. Using an elementary spatial orientation task (triangle completion) in a simple virtual environment we studied the effect of amount of simultaneously available visual information (geometric field of view) and triangle layout on the integration and uptake of directional (turn) and distance information under visual simulation conditions. While the amount of simultaneously available visual information had no effect on homing errors, triangle layout substantially affected homing errors. Further analysis of the observed homing errors by means of an Encoding Error Model revealed that subjects navigating under visual simulation conditions had problems in accurately taking up and representing directional (turn) information, an effect which was not observed in experiments reported in the literature from similar whole-body conditions. Implications and prospects for investigating spatial orientation by means of virtual environments are discussed considering the present experiments as well as other work on spatial cognition using virtual environments.