A survey of usability evaluation in virtual environments: classification and comparison of methods
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Virtual environments: Virtual environments and mobile robots: Control, simulation, and robot pilot training
Spatial Orientation in Virtual Environments: Background Considerations and Experiments
Spatial Cognition, An Interdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge
Perceived Egocentric Distances in Real, Image-Based, and Traditional Virtual Environments
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
Updating orientation in large virtual environments using scaled translational gain
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
The Transfer of Spatial Knowledge in Virtual Environment Training
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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In this study, we examine subjects' spatial orientation in a head--mounted display (HMD) based virtual environment (VE) when objects are placed at different vertical viewing angles. More specifically, we examine spatial orientation when subjects memorize the location of objects on the ground, at eyelevel, and up in the air. Interestingly, we found that spatial orientation was the same across all conditions. This finding is important because it informs researchers who use similar spatial orientation tasks that variations in viewing neck angle to targets is not necessarily an issue.