Visual momentum: a concept to improve the cognitive coupling of person and computer
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The design of electronic map displays
Human Factors
A toolset for navigation in virtual environments
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Navigating large virtual spaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on human-virtual environment interaction
Virtual spaces and real world places: transfer of route knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Virtual Environments for Shipboard Firefighting Training
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigating Large-Scale “Desk-Top” Virtual Buildings: Effects of Orientation Aids and Familiarity
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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When a person moves through an overlapping environment they can travel in a closed, Euclidean loop but still end up in a different place to where they started. Although such environments are unusual, they do confer potential advantages for navigation. Three independent attributes of spatial overlap, as applied to 3-D virtual environments (VEs), are described, together with their likely effects on navigation. An experiment that investigated one type of overlap (loop connectivity) is described. Participants learned spatial knowledge more slowly in an overlapping VE than in a conventional VE, but the differences were small and, after initial navigation, not significant. Therefore, there seems to be no cognitive barrier to the useful implementation of overlapping VEs within a wide variety of applications.