Understanding computers and cognition
Understanding computers and cognition
Mind over machine: the power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer
Mind over machine: the power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer
Generation of visions in systems development: a supplement to the tool box
The IFIP TC 9/WG 9.1 Working Conference on system design for human development and productivity: participation and beyond on System design for human development and productivity: participation and beyond
Office Technology and People - Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Computer support for cooperative design (invited paper)
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Approaches to Prototyping
Computer-supported cooperative work: examples and issues in one federal agency
CSCW '86 Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Using a computer-based tool to support collaboration: a field experiment
CSCW '86 Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts
Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts
Cooperative support for computer work: a social perspective on the empowering of end users
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
An annotated bibliography of computer supported cooperative work
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin - Special issue: Computer supported cooperative work
Making customer-centered design work for teams
Communications of the ACM
Apprenticing with the customer
Communications of the ACM
Back to the future: pen and paper technology supports complex group coordination
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Back to labor: returning to labor process discussions in the study of work
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Testing documentation with "low-tech" simulation
IPCC/SIGDOC '00 Proceedings of IEEE professional communication society international professional communication conference and Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM international conference on Computer documentation: technology & teamwork
The human-computer interaction handbook
Participatory design in community computing contexts: tales from the field
PDC 04 Proceedings of the eighth conference on Participatory design: Artful integration: interweaving media, materials and practices - Volume 1
Customer-centered design for mobile applications
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Computer human interaction for the management of information technology
Behaviour & Information Technology - Computer Support for Learning Communities
Text-based on-line conferencing: a conceptual and empirical analysis using a minimal prototype
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Foresight and forecasts: participation in a welfare technology innovation project
Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference
| Hi-index | 0.03 |
This paper is about the kind of tools and techniques that are accessible to resource weak groups for use in design and evaluation of computer support. “Resource weak” means in this connection, that the economic power and the ability to control the “local environment” of the group is limited. The human resources of such groups are often (potentially) strong, but restrained by the organization of work and society; and although the tools are cheap the activities are demanding in terms of human resources. This kind of work should be seen as a supplement to participation in design processes controlled by others. When end users participate in projects set up by management, these “lay” designers often lack familiarity with the tools and techniques, they lack the power and resources to influence the choice of questions to be considered, and they are not the ones deciding how to utilize the results of a design project when actually changing the workplace.To give the context of the work on which the paper is based, I first describe the Scandinavian tradition of trade union based end user participation in systems development. Then I discuss some of the issues involved in improving the conditions for independent end user design activities. I go on by presenting a set of “cheap tools” and techniques, including the use mockup's. This set covers the issues of establishing the possibility of alternatives, of creating visions of new and different uses of technology, and of designing computer support. A central question in relation to the tools and techniques, is their accessibility to end users, and I discuss this based on the notions of family resemblance and “hands-on” experience.