CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Retrospective on a year of participatory design using the PICTIVE technique
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
Documentation integrity for safety-critical applications: the COHERE project
Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Computer documentation
Procedures in complex systems: the airline cockpit
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Computer documentation
Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference on Design of communication: documenting & designing for pervasive information
Usability inspection methods after 15 years of research and practice
SIGDOC '07 Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication
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This paper introduces low-tech simulation as a technique for testing procedures and their documentation. The key idea is to test the interface-procedure-documentation set in the early stages of development, where changes can be still be made easily, using extremely low-cost simulation materials. Using this low-tech method, developers can test and improve the usability of documentation for user interfaces that are still being designed. An extended example, revolving a new aircraft cockpit interface for text-based air-traffic control communication, presents a look at the low-tech approach in use. An evaluation of low-tech simulation shows that the approach was practical. Qualitative analysis indicates that low-tech evaluation produces results that are different from those obtained using the cognitive walkthrough for operating procedures and similar to those obtained using traditional high-tech simulation.