An economical approach to modeling speech recognition accuracy
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Response time and display rate in human performance with computers
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A performance model of system delay and user strategy selection
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Speech versus mouse commands for word processing: an empirical evaluation
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Fast and quasi-natural language search for gigabytes of Chinese texts
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The just noticeable difference of speech recognition accuracy
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Recognition accuracy and user acceptance of pen interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How machine delays change user strategies
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Using GOMS for user interface design and evaluation: which technique?
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
User acceptance of handwritten recognition accuracy
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interactive error repair for an online handwriting interface
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A framework for sharing handwritten notes
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Modelling the effects of constraint upon speech-based human-computer interaction
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Stroke break analysis: a practical method to study timeout value for handwriting recognition input
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
Queuing Network Modeling of Transcription Typing
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Designing a sketch recognition front-end: user perception of interface elements
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
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Human performance in Chinese character handwriting recognizers is critical to the satisfaction and acceptance of their users. Based on Teal's [CHI'92 (1992) p. 295] interactive model, a static model describing the independent factors in determining the task completion time was set up with a simple mathematical inference; in addition, a dynamic model describing these factors' direct and indirect causal relationship was established by the path analytic method. Results in Experiment 1 indicated that both the static model and the dynamic model could fit observed task completion time satisfactorily with minor modifications. In addition, with users' average writing time around 1500 ms for each frequently used character, it was found that the user's performance was impaired significantly when segmentation time was longer than 1040 ms. An integrated model was devised after combining the static and dynamic models. Experiment 2 testified the integrated model in another handwriting recognizer and found that it could still fit human performance data with users in three different training conditions. Implications of the integrated model are that: (1) when recognition accuracy and number of inputting characters are constant, the weights of average writing time for each character, segmentation time, recognition time in determining task completion time are equal but bigger than the weight of the repairing time; (2) when the repairing time, average writing time for each character, segmentation time and recognition time are constant, there is an inverse model between task completion time and recognition accuracy; when recognition accuracy is from 50% to 93%, every 1% increase of recognition accuracy will reduce task completion time from 1989 to 1915 ms; when recognition accuracy increases from 94% to 100%, every 1% increase of recognition accuracy will reduce task completion time from 1895 to 1392 ms. Guidelines in designing these recognizers were given based on these implications.