What “question-asking protocols” can say about the user interface
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Effects of interface design upon user productivity
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Contextual design: an emergent view of system design
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Making customer-centered design work for teams
Communications of the ACM
Software usability: choosing appropriate methods for evaluating online systems and documentation
SIGDOC '93 Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Systems documentation
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The development of an interface design tool called “directed dialogue protocols” is discussed. The tool is based upon Kato's (1986) method of verbal data collection, “question-asking protocols.” Three extensions to the question-asking method are detailed: 1) an experimental procedure of atomic tasks which facilitate the quantization of verbal data; 2) interventions by the experimenter that probe the subject's expectations and prompt verbalizations; and 3) a technique for answering subject queries called sequential disclosure. Also discussed are applications of the directed dialogue that have identified design choices which build learnability and usability into a product's user-interface.