Mechanical constraints as computational constraints in tabletop tangible interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Augmented reality painting and collage: evaluating tangible interaction in a field study
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
A multi modal table-top 3D modeling tool in augmented environments
EGVE'06 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Analytic review of usability evaluation in ISMAR
Interacting with Computers
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In this work we compare an in-house designed Tangible User Interface (TUI) with three alternative single-user tools through an empirical investigation. These three alternative tools are a 3D physical, a 2D cardboard, and a mathematical tool. We expected the 3D physical to perform best, followed by the TUI, the 2D cardboard, and the mathematical tool. A pilot study was first carried out, the results of which were used to design a major experiment. Participants solved the same positioning problem, each using one of the four tools. The mathematical tool was not used in the experiment. In the experiment, trial time, number of user operations, learning effect in both preceding variables, and user satisfaction were measured. The 3Dphysical tool significantly outperformed the 2D cardboard tool. It also outperformed the TUI, but only in user satisfaction. This justifies the value of researching TUI systems and carrying out usability studies with such systems.