Continuous clock amortization need not affect the precision of a clock synchronization algorithm
PODC '90 Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Formal verification of algorithms for critical systems
SIGSOFT '91 Proceedings of the conference on Software for citical systems
A theory of clock synchronization (extended abstract)
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Knowledge, timed precedence and clocks (preliminary report)
PODC '94 Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
A formally verified algorithm for clock synchronization under a hybrid fault model
PODC '94 Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Dynamic fault-tolerant clock synchronization
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Formal Verification for Fault-Tolerant Architectures: Prolegomena to the Design of PVS
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Lower bounds for convergence function based clock synchronization
Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
New Hybrid Fault Models for Asynchronous Approximate Agreement
IEEE Transactions on Computers
CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Integrating External and Internal Clock Synchronization
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part II
Interval-based Clock Synchronization
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part II
An interval-based framework for clock rate synchronization
PODC '97 Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Optimal and efficient clock synchronization under drifting clocks
Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Clock synchronization with faults and recoveries (extended abstract)
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Exploiting Omissive Faults in Synchronous Approximate Agreement
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The Derivation and Experimental Verification of Clock Synchronization Theory
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Reaching Approximate Agreement with Mixed-Mode Faults
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Formal Verification of Algorithms for Critical Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Bus Architectures for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems
EMSOFT '01 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Embedded Software
An Overview of Formal Verification for the Time-Triggered Architecture
FTRTFT '02 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems: Co-sponsored by IFIP WG 2.2
An Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock State and Rate Synchronization
SRDS '99 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Interval-based clock synchronization with optimal precision
Information and Computation
Low-cost clock synchronization
Distributed Computing
APSS: proactive secret sharing in asynchronous systems
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Fault-Tolerant Cluster-Wise Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Towards the Formal Verification of Lower System Layers in Automotive Systems
ICCD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computer Design
A Logic Framework for Verification of Timed Algorithms
Fundamenta Informaticae - Continuous Time Paradigms in Logic and Automata
Verification of Clock Synchronization Algorithms: Experiments on a Combination of Deductive Tools
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Self-stabilizing pulse synchronization inspired by biological pacemaker networks
SSS'03 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Self-stabilizing systems
Clock synchronization in the Byzantine-recovery failure model
OPODIS'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Principles of distributed systems
Mendel: efficiently verifying the lineage of data modified in multiple trust domains
Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Automated formal verification of the TTEthernet synchronization quality
NFM'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on NASA Formal methods
Towards the pervasive verification of automotive systems
CHARME'05 Proceedings of the 13 IFIP WG 10.5 international conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods
Verification of an optimized fault-tolerant clock synchronization circuit
DCC'96 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Designing Correct Circuits
A Logic Framework for Verification of Timed Algorithms
Fundamenta Informaticae - Continuous Time Paradigms in Logic and Automata
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All published fault-tolerant clock synchronization protocols are shown to result from refining a single paradigm. This allows the different clock synchronization protocols to be compared and permits presentation of a single correctness analysis that holds for all. The paradigm is based on a reliable time source that periodically causes events; detection of such an event causes a processor to reset its clock. In a distributed system, the reliable time source can be approximated by combining the values of processor clocks using a generalization of a ``fault-tolerant average'''', called a convergence function. The performance of a clock synchronization protocol based on our paradigm can be quantified in terms of the two parameters that characterize the behavior of the convergence function used: accuracy and precision.