On the possibility and impossibility of achieving clock synchronization
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Continuous clock amortization need not affect the precision of a clock synchronization algorithm
PODC '90 Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Lower bounds for convergence function based clock synchronization
Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Fault-tolerance in the advanced automation system
EW 4 Proceedings of the 4th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop
A synchronization strategy for a time-triggered multicluster real-time system
SRDS '95 Proceedings of the 14TH Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Understanding Protocols for Byzantine Clock Synchronization
Understanding Protocols for Byzantine Clock Synchronization
Fault-tolerant external clock synchronization
ICDCS '95 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Specification and Implementation of the Universal TimeCoordinated Synchronization Unit (UTCSU)
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
An interval-based framework for clock rate synchronization
PODC '97 Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Time synchronization over networks using convex closures
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A resource--efficient time estimation for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2004 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing
Time-based transactional memory with scalable time bases
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
OTM'07 Proceedings of the 2007 OTM Confederated international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems: CoopIS, DOA, ODBASE, GADA, and IS - Volume Part I
Event chain clocks for performance debugging in parallel and distributed systems
ISPA'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
Clock synchronization for wireless networks
OPODIS'04 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
Clock synchronization issues in multi-cluster time-triggered networks
MMB&DFT'10 Proceedings of the 15th international GI/ITG conference on Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance
A weighted average-based external clock synchronisation protocol for wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Sensor Networks
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Weaddress the problem of how to integrate fault-tolerant externaland internal clock synchronization. In this paper wepropose a new external/internal clock synchronization algorithmwhich provides both external and internal clock synchronizationfor as long as a majority of the reference time servers (serverswith access to reference time) stay correct. When half or moreof the reference time servers are faulty, the algorithm degradesto a fault-tolerant internal clock synchronization algorithm.We prove that at least 2 F+1 reference time serversare necessary for achieving external clock synchronization whenup to F reference time servers can suffer arbitraryfailures, thus the proposed algorithm provides maximum fault-tolerance.In this paper we also derive lower bounds for the bestmaximum external deviation achievable in standard mode and thebest drift rate achievable in degraded mode. Our algorithm isoptimal with respect to these two bounds: (1) the maximum externaldeviation is optimal in standard mode, and (2) the drift rateof the clocks is optimal in standard and degraded mode.