Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization
Information and Computation
Continuous clock amortization need not affect the precision of a clock synchronization algorithm
PODC '90 Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Integrating External and Internal Clock Synchronization
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part II
Global Positioning System (GPS) Time Dissemination for Real-Time Applications
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part I
Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Inexact agreement: accuracy, precision, and graceful degradation
Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Clock synchronization with faults and recoveries (extended abstract)
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
The art of systems architecting (2nd ed.)
The art of systems architecting (2nd ed.)
Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications
Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications
Formal Verification for Time-Triggered Clock Synchronization
DCCA '99 Proceedings of the conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
A synchronization strategy for a time-triggered multicluster real-time system
SRDS '95 Proceedings of the 14TH Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
An Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock State and Rate Synchronization
SRDS '99 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Fault-tolerant external clock synchronization
ICDCS '95 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
The Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE) Design
ISORC '05 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing
Slightly-off-specification failures in the time-triggered architecture
HLDVT '02 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International High-Level Design Validation and Test Workshop
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This paper proposes the integration of internal and external clock synchronization by a combination of a fault-tolerant distributed algorithm for clock state correction with a central algorithm for clock rate correction. By means of hardware and simulation experiments it is shown that this combination improves the precision of the global time base in a distributed single cluster system while reducing the need for high-quality oscillators. Simulation results have shown that the rate-correction algorithm contributes not only in the internal clock synchronization of a single cluster system, but it can be used for external clock synchronization of a multi-cluster system with a reference clock. Therefore, deployment of the rate-correction algorithm integrates internal and external clock synchronization in one mechanism. Experimental results show that a failure in the clock rate correction will not hinder the distributed fault-tolerant clock state synchronization algorithm, since the state correction operates independently from the rate correction. The paper introduces new algorithms and presents experimental results on the achieved improvements in the precision measured in a time-triggered system. Results of simulation experiments of the new algorithms in single-cluster and multi-cluster configurations are also presented.