CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
Integrating External and Internal Clock Synchronization
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part II
GPS-based Clock Synchronization in a Mobile, Distributed Real-Time System
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part I
Load Sharing in Distributed Multimedia-on-Demand Systems
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Cesium: Testing Hard Real-time and Dependability Properties of Distributed Protocols
WORDS '97 Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems - (WORDS '97)
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Abstract: We address the problem of how to integrate fault-tolerant internal and external clock synchronization. We propose a new algorithm which provides both external and internal clock synchronization for as long as no more than F reference time servers out of a total of 2F+1 are faulty. When the number of faulty reference time servers exceeds F, the algorithm degrades to a fault-tolerant internal clock synchronization algorithm. We prove that at least 2F+1 reference time servers are necessary for achieving external clock synchronization when up to F reference time servers can suffer arbitrary failures, thus our algorithm provides maximum fault-tolerance. The algorithm is also optimal in another sense: we show that the maximum deviation between reference time and the clocks of nonreference time servers is minimal.