CesiumSpray: a Precise and Accurate Global Time Servicefor Large-scale Systems

  • Authors:
  • Paulo Veríssimo;Luís Rodrigues;Antonio Casimiro

  • Affiliations:
  • Univ. of Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias, Lisboa - Portugal;Univ. of Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias, Lisboa - Portugal;Univ. of Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias, Lisboa - Portugal

  • Venue:
  • Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part III
  • Year:
  • 1997

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Abstract

In large-scale systems, such as Internet-based distributed systems,classical clock-synchronization solutions become impractical or poorly performing, due to the number ofnodes and/or the distance among them. We present a global timeservice for world-wide systems, based on an innovative clocksynchronization scheme, named CesiumSpray. The service exhibitshigh precision and accuracy; it is virtually indefinitely scalable;and it is fault-tolerant. It is deterministic for real-time machineryin the local area, which makes it particularly well-suited for,though not limited to, large-scale real-time systems. The mainfeatures of our clock synchronization scheme can be summarizedas follows: hybrid external/internal synchronization protocolimproves effectiveness of synchronization; heterogeneous failuresemantics for clocks and processors improves previous lower boundson processors; two-level hierarchy improves scalability. Theroot of the hierarchy is the GPS satellite constellation, which’’sprays‘‘ its reference time over a set of nodes provided withGPS receivers, one per local network. The second level of thehierarchy performs internal synchronization, further ’’spraying‘‘the external time inside the local network.