Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A modified algorithm for generalized discriminant analysis
Neural Computation
Unified probabilistic models for face recognition from a single example image per person
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition Using Laplacianfaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Where Are Linear Feature Extraction Methods Applicable?
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An interactive system for mental face retrieval
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Face recognition by Kernel independent component analysis
IEA/AIE'2005 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Subclass Discriminant Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The theoretical analysis of FDA and applications
Pattern Recognition
Face recognition using a kernel fractional-step discriminant analysis algorithm
Pattern Recognition
An efficient algorithm for generalized discriminant analysis using incomplete Cholesky decomposition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Gabor wavelets and General Discriminant Analysis for face identification and verification
Image and Vision Computing
Gabor wavelets and General Discriminant Analysis for face identification and verification
Image and Vision Computing
Neighborhood discriminant projection for face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Local Discriminant Wavelet Packet Coordinates for Face Recognition
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Discriminative Learning and Recognition of Image Set Classes Using Canonical Correlations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Localized versus locality-preserving subspace projections for face recognition
Journal on Image and Video Processing
Information theory for Gabor feature selection for face recognition
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Fast unsupervised alignment of video and text for indexing/names and faces
Workshop on multimedia information retrieval on The many faces of multimedia semantics
3D head model retrieval in kernel feature space using HSOM
Pattern Recognition
A two-stage head pose estimation framework and evaluation
Pattern Recognition
Dynamic training using multistage clustering for face recognition
Pattern Recognition
A two stage algorithm for face recognition: 2DPCA and within-class scatter minimization
SPPR'07 Proceedings of the Fourth conference on IASTED International Conference: Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Application of semantic features in face recognition
Pattern Recognition
Face recognition using classification-based linear projections
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Classification of face images using local iterated function systems
Machine Vision and Applications
Hidden space-based nonlinear discriminant feature extraction method
International Journal of Computer Mathematics - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Adaptive quasiconformal kernel discriminant analysis
Neurocomputing
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
An overview on model-based approaches in face recognition
AIKED'08 Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and data bases
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Multimodal Person Identification System in the CLEAR 2007 Evaluation
Multimodal Technologies for Perception of Humans
A Criterion for Learning the Data-Dependent Kernel for Classification
ADMA '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
Kernel Weighted Scatter-Difference-Based Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition
ICIAR '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
On Optimizing Subclass Discriminant Analysis Using a Pre-clustering Technique
CIARP '08 Proceedings of the 13th Iberoamerican congress on Pattern Recognition: Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
On Using Dimensionality Reduction Schemes to Optimize Dissimilarity-Based Classifiers
CIARP '08 Proceedings of the 13th Iberoamerican congress on Pattern Recognition: Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
Complete discriminant evaluation and feature extraction in kernel space for face recognition
Machine Vision and Applications
Research Letters in Signal Processing
An efficient discriminant-based solution for small sample size problem
Pattern Recognition
Covariance estimation in full- and reduced-dimensionality image classification
Image and Vision Computing
Theoretical analysis on feature extraction capability of class-augmented PCA
Pattern Recognition
ViSOM for Dimensionality Reduction in Face Recognition
WSOM '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Advances in Self-Organizing Maps
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A bi-modal face recognition framework integrating facial expression with facial appearance
Pattern Recognition Letters
Face Verification Using Colour Kernels
ICIAR '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
A novel kernel-based maximum a posteriori classification method
Neural Networks
Fuzzy linear and nonlinear discriminant analysis algorithms for face recognition
Intelligent Data Analysis
Kernel Methods in Computer Vision
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Neighbourhood preserving discriminant embedding in face recognition
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Kernel based subspace methods: infrared vs visible face
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Expression-invariant face recognition with constrained optical flow warping
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Comparing and combining lighting insensitive approaches for face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Facial recognition using multisensor images based on localized kernel eigen spaces
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Feature extraction by multilayer perceptron: visualization of internal representation of input data
VIIP '07 The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing
A novel statistical generative model dedicated to face recognition
Image and Vision Computing
Tuning Kernel Parameters with Different Gabor Features for Face Recognition
ICIC '07 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence
Matrix-based kernel principal component analysis for large-scale data set
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Modular image principal component analysis for face recognition
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Robust face recognition from 2D and 3D images using structural Hausdorff distance
Image and Vision Computing
Face recognition using discriminant locality preserving projections
Image and Vision Computing
A two stage algorithm for face recognition: 2DPCA and within-class scatter minimization
SPPRA '07 Proceedings of the Fourth IASTED International Conference on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Review of existing algorithms for face detection and recognition
CIMMACS'09 Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Computational intelligence, man-machine systems and cybernetics
Unconstrained face recognition using MRF priors and manifold traversing
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
A pre-clustering technique for optimizing subclass discriminant analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters
2D-LDA: A statistical linear discriminant analysis for image matrix
Pattern Recognition Letters
Fast statistical learning algorithm for feature generation
KES'07/WIRN'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference, KES 2007 and XVII Italian workshop on neural networks conference on Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: Part III
A doubly weighted approach for appearance-based subspace learning methods
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Kernel discriminant analysis based on canonical differences for face recognition in image sets
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
CIARP'07 Proceedings of the Congress on pattern recognition 12th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in pattern recognition, image analysis and applications
Linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction for face recognition
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Face identification using linear regression
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Misalignment-robust face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An optical flow-based approach to robust face recognition under expression variations
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Feature extraction by learning Lorentzian metric tensor and its extensions
Pattern Recognition
Symbolic kernel fisher discriminant method with a new RBF kernel function for face recognition
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Block-wise 2D kernel PCA/LDA for face recognition
Information Processing Letters
Dimension reduction by a novel unified scheme using divergence analysis and genetic search
Digital Signal Processing
Supervised learning with kernel methods
WAMUS'10 Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Wavelet analysis and multirate systems
Face recognition in global harmonic subspace
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
A new approach for identification of MIMO non linear system with RKHS model
WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications
Free form face recognition using kernel sparse representation
Proceedings of the Seventh Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Gabor feature based face recognition using kernel methods
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Intra-personal kernel space for face recogni
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Kernel discriminant transformation for image set-based face recognition
Pattern Recognition
SSIP'05 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Signal, speech and image processing
Kernel Discriminant Embedding in face recognition
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Face recognition on low quality surveillance images, by compensating degradation
ICIAR'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Image analysis and recognition - Volume Part II
WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics
Large scale identity deduplication using face recognition based on facial feature points
CCBR'11 Proceedings of the 6th Chinese conference on Biometric recognition
Face recognition using kernel uncorrelated discriminant analysis
MMM'07 Proceedings of the 13th International conference on Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part II
Kernel uncorrelated discriminant analysis for radar target recognition
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Egomotion estimation as an appearance-based classification problem
CIARP'06 Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
Feature extraction using class-augmented principal component analysis (CA-PCA)
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Multiple parameter selection for LS-SVM using smooth leave-one-out error
ISNN'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
An improvement on PCA algorithm for face recognition
ISNN'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
Extending kernel fisher discriminant analysis with the weighted pairwise chernoff criterion
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Improvement on PCA and 2DPCA algorithms for face recognition
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
KDA plus KPCA for face recognition
ISNN'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advnaces in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
A new discriminant subspace analysis approach for multi-class problems
Pattern Recognition
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uniquitous Information Management and Communication
Kernel principal component analysis for large scale data set
ICIC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Intelligent Computing - Volume Part I
3D head model classification using KCDA
PCM'06 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
On a video surveillance system with a DSP by the LDA algorithm
HSI'05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Human Society@Internet: web and Communication Technologies and Internet-Related Social Issues
Classifying faces with discriminant isometric feature mapping
MICAI'05 Proceedings of the 4th Mexican international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Feature generation by simple FLD
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part I
Discriminant transform based on scatter difference criterion in hidden space
IWICPAS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 Advances in Machine Vision, Image Processing, and Pattern Analysis international conference on Intelligent Computing in Pattern Analysis/Synthesis
Coupling adaboost and random subspace for diversified fisher linear discriminant
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13 international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part I
Trace quotient problems revisited
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Face recognition technique using symbolic linear discriminant analysis method
ICVGIP'06 Proceedings of the 5th Indian conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Facial image analysis using subspace segregation based on class information
ICONIP'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Face recognition from visible and near-infrared images using boosted directional binary code
ICIC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications: with aspects of artificial intelligence
Face recognition using KFDA-LLE
ICIC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Intelligent Computing
Artificial Intelligence Review
High-throughput-derived biologically-inspired features for unconstrained face recognition
Image and Vision Computing
Discriminant phase component for face recognition
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
On nonlinear dimensionality reduction for face recognition
Image and Vision Computing
Novel Fisher discriminant classifiers
Pattern Recognition
Face recognition using spectrum-based feature extraction
Applied Soft Computing
Remote identification of faces: Problems, prospects, and progress
Pattern Recognition Letters
Astroid shaped DCT feature extraction for enhanced face recognition
Proceedings of the CUBE International Information Technology Conference
Face recognition by discriminant analysis with gabor tensor representation
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
A novel null space-based kernel discriminant analysis for face recognition
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Super-class Discriminant Analysis: A novel solution for heteroscedasticity
Pattern Recognition Letters
Weighted Modular Image Principal Component Analysis for face recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Kernel self-optimization learning for kernel-based feature extraction and recognition
Information Sciences: an International Journal
An efficient approach for face recognition based on common eigenvalues
Pattern Recognition
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Principal Component A nalysis and Fisher Linear Discriminant methods have demonstrated their success in fac edete ction, r ecognition and tr acking. The representations in these subspace methods are based on second order statistics of the image set, and do not address higher order statistical dependencies such as the relationships among three or more pixels. Recently Higher Order Statistics and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) have been used as informative representations for visual recognition. In this paper, we investigate the use of Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Kernel Fisher Linear Discriminant for learning low dimensional representations for face recognition, which we call Kernel Eigenface and Kernel Fisherface methods.While Eigenface and Fisherface methods aim to find projection directions based on second order correlation of samples, Kernel Eigenface and Kernel Fisherface methods provide generalizations which take higher order correlations into account. We compare the performance of kernel methods with classical algorithms such as Eigenface, Fisherface, ICA, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) within the context of appearance-based face recognition problem using two data sets where images vary in pose, scale, lighting and expression. Experimental results show that kernel methods provide better representations and achieve lower error rates for face recognition.