Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: The Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Kernel Eigenfaces vs. Kernel Fisherfaces: Face Recognition Using Kernel Methods
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Comparison and Combination of Ear and Face Images in Appearance-Based Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Regularized discriminant analysis for the small sample size problem in face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Communications of the ACM - Multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist
An Evaluation of Multimodal 2D+3D Face Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fully Automatic Facial Action Unit Detection and Temporal Analysis
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Fusion of visual and infra-red face scores by weighted power series
Pattern Recognition Letters
Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Reliable Face Recognition Methods: System Design, Implementation and Evaluation
Reliable Face Recognition Methods: System Design, Implementation and Evaluation
Introduction to the Special Issue on Recent Advances in Biometric Systems [Guest Editorial]
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Expression-Invariant Representations of Faces
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Among many biometric characteristics, the facial biometric is considered to be the least intrusive technology that can be deployed in the real-world visual surveillance environment. However, in facial biometric, little research attention has been paid to facial expression changes. In fact, facial expression changes have often been treated as noise that would degrade the recognition performance. This paper studies an innovative viewpoint: (1) whether facial expression changes, namely facial behavior, can be positively used for face recognition or not? (2) furthermore, can facial behavior be integrated with facial appearance for assisting the extra-personal separation to enhance face recognition performance? We propose a bi-modal face recognition framework which integrates facial expression with facial appearance. Substantial experiments on multiple facial appearance and facial expression data have been conducted. Our experimental results have validated that facial behavior can play a positive role in face recognition and can assist facial appearance in extra-personal separation in multiple modalities for personal identification improvement.