Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Reaching approximate agreement in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
PODC '88 Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM Symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: a tutorial
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Tolerating failures of continuous-valued sensors
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
The consensus problem in fault-tolerant computing
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The process group approach to reliable distributed computing
Communications of the ACM
Tolerating Sensor Timing Faults in Highly Responsive Hard Real-Time Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant computing
Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Fault Tolerance in Safety Critical Automotive Applications: Cost of Agreement as a Limiting Factor
FTCS '95 Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
Replica Determinism and Flexible Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Dependable Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Fault Tolerance in Safety Critical Automotive Applications: Cost of Agreement as a Limiting Factor
FTCS '95 Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
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The high availability and safety requirements for automotive electronics are currently almost exclusively addressed by application-specific engineering solutions to fault tolerance rather than by systematic approaches. Currently, systematic approaches are ruled out because of cost. The reason for this is that a systematic approach to fault tolerance requires (1) replication of components and (2) communication between replicated components to achieve agreement despite of nondeterminism. While replicated components become more and more available with the connection of different control units by means of a multiplex bus, it is shown that the cost of agreement on sensor inputs will become the limiting factor for systematic approaches to fault tolerance. For that reason a new agreement algorithm is introduced which considers the problem of agreement and sensor inputs in an integrated fashion. This algorithm takes advantage of the a priori knowledge on the maximum deviation of replicated sensor inputs. Optimality of this algorithm is shown with respect to the minimum number of bits for agreement. This algorithm allows broader application of systematic fault tolerance to automotive applications. The result of this work will be used for a prototype implementation of a safety critical automotive application.