Calculating the maximum, execution time of real-time programs
Real-Time Systems
Experiments with a Program Timing Tool Based on Source-Level Timing Schema
Computer - Special issue on real-time systems
Predicting program execution times by analyzing static and dynamic program paths
Real-Time Systems - Special issue: Real-time languages and language-level timing tools and analysis
Pipelined processors and worst case execution times
Real-Time Systems
Performance analysis of embedded software using implicit path enumeration
LCTES '95 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1995 workshop on Languages, compilers, & tools for real-time systems
Bounding Pipeline and Instruction Cache Performance
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
An Accurate Worst Case Timing Analysis for RISC Processors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Worst Case Timing Analysis Technique for Multiple-Issue Machines
RTSS '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
High Level Timing Specification of Instruction-Level Parallel Processors
High Level Timing Specification of Instruction-Level Parallel Processors
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Predicting and estimating the execution time of a program is of the utmost importance to designers of real-time systems, particularly hard real-time systems. This paper describes an algorithm for estimating an improved WCET (worst-case execution time) of a real-time program that utilizes a path generating approach to factor into the calculation the effects of super-scalar processor pipelining. The algorithm starts by determining the program's control flow. The pipelining analysis takes into account the simultaneous execution of instructions in distinct blocks in two separate pipelines. The timing tool uses the pipelining analysis to estimate the WCET. The results indicate that this method enhances the acquisition of tighter estimates.