Cognitive layouts of windows and multiple screens for user interfaces
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
How are windows used? Some notes on creating an empirically-based windowing benchmark task
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A comparison of tiled and overlapping windows
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A multiple, virtual-workspace interface to support user task switching
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Designing the user interface (2nd ed.): strategies for effective human-computer interaction
Designing the user interface (2nd ed.): strategies for effective human-computer interaction
An approach to intelligent automated window management
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Discovering the way programmers think about new programming environments
Communications of the ACM
The future of graphic user interfaces: personal role managers
HCI '94 Proceedings of the conference on People and computers IX
How do people organize their desks?: Implications for the design of office information systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A Taxonomy of Window Manager User Interfaces
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image-Browser Taxonomy and Guidelines for Designers
IEEE Software
Evaluation and analysis of users' activity organization
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Organization overviews and role management: inspiration for future desktop environments
WET-ICE '95 Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE'95)
Advanced graphic user interfaces: elastic and tightly coupled windows
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special issue: position statements on strategic directions in computing research
Elastic Windows: evaluation of multi-window operations
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Elastic Windows: a hierarchical multi-window World-Wide Web browser
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An algorithm for blob hierarchy layout
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
A framework for unifying presentation space
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Adaptive runtime layout of hierarchical UI components
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Improving Window Switching Interfaces
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Exploring new window manipulation techniques
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
A scalable and tiling multi-monitor aware window manager
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Docking window framework: supporting multitasking by docking windows
Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction
Graphic toolkit for adaptive layouts in in-vehicle user interfaces
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
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Most windowing systems follow the independent overlapping windows approach, which emerged as an answer to the needs of the 80s' application and technology. Advances in computers, display technology, and the applications demand more functionality from window management systems. Based on these changes and the problems of current windowing appraoches, we have updated the requirements for multiwindow systems to guide new methods of window management. We propose elastic windows with improved spatial layout and rapid multi-window operations. Multi-window operations are achieved by issuing operations on window groups hierachically organized in a space-filling tiled layout. Sophisticated multi-window operations and spatial layout dynamics helps users to handle fast task-switching and to structure thier work environment to their rapidly changing needs. We claim that these multi-window operations and the improved spatial layout decrease the cognitive load on users. Users found our prototype system to be comprehensible and enjoyable as they playfully explored the way multiple windows are reshaped.