CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Animated icons: re-inventing visual cues for the visually impaired computer user
CUU '00 Proceedings on the 2000 conference on Universal Usability
Macintosh human interface guidelines
Macintosh human interface guidelines
Psychological issues in the use of icons in command menus
CHI '82 Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AUIC '03 Proceedings of the Fourth Australasian user interface conference on User interfaces 2003 - Volume 18
Universal Interfaces to Multimedia Documents
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Impact of Gaze Analysis on the Design of a Caption Production Software
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services
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Tooltips (TTs) can be used to make icons more understandable to users. However, text-based tooltips will not assist users with print disabilities. Four types of TTs to assist deaf and hearing impaired users were implemented: Sign Language, Picture (an enlarged icon and text explanation of the function), Human Mouth and Digital Lips (the last two to assist in lip reading). An evaluation of 16 TTs of each type with 15 deaf users found that the Sign Language and Picture TTs were very positively rated on satisfaction and understanding and would be used again, but that Human Mouth and Digital Lips were of no assistance in their current implementation to deaf users in lip reading the names of icons.