ISLPED '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power design
Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages
ISLPED '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Overload Management in Real-Time Control Applications Using m,k $(m,k)$-Firm Guarantee
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Provably good algorithm for low power consumption with dual supply voltages
ICCAD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
ICCAD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Energy efficient fixed-priority scheduling for real-time systems on variable voltage processors
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Dynamic power management in a mobile multimedia system with guaranteed quality-of-service
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
A Dynamic Priority Assignment Technique for Streams with (m, k)-Firm Deadlines
IEEE Transactions on Computers
LCN '97 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
Energy reduction techniques for multimedia applications with tolerance to deadline misses
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Combining (/sub m//sup n/)-hard deadlines and dual priority scheduling
RTSS '97 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Approaching the Maximum Energy Saving on Embedded Systems with Multiple Voltages
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Enhanced fixed-priority scheduling with (m,k)-firm guarantee
RTSS'10 Proceedings of the 21st IEEE conference on Real-time systems symposium
Optimal Control of Discrete Event Systems with Weakly Hard Real-Time Constraints
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems
Energy-aware dual-mode voltage scaling for weakly hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Energy minimization for real-time systems with (m; k)-guarantee
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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Soft real-time systems can tolerate some occasional deadline misses. This feature provides a unique opportunity to reduce system's energy consumption. In this paper, we study the system with (m,k)-firm deadline, a popular model for soft real-time systems. It basically requires at least m successful completions in any k consecutive executions. Our goal is to design such system with dual supply voltages for energy efficiency. To reach this goal, we first propose an on-line greedy deterministic scheduler that provides the (m,k)-firm guarantee with the provably minimum energy consumption. We then develop a novel exact method to compute the scheduler's average energy consumption per iteration. This leads us to the numerical solution to the voltage set-up problem, which seeks for the values of the two supply voltages to achieve the most energy efficiency with (m,k)-firm guarantee. Simulation shows that dual-voltage system can reduce significant amount of energy over single voltage system. Our numerical method finds the best voltage set-ups in seconds, while it takes hours to obtain almost identical solutions by simulation.