ISLPED '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power design
Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages
ISLPED '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Data driven signal processing: an approach for energy efficient computing
ISLPED '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Datapath scheduling with multiple supply voltages and level converters
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
A tool for performance estimation of networked embedded end-systems
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Techniques for energy minimization of communication pipelines
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Provably good algorithm for low power consumption with dual supply voltages
ICCAD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
What is the limit of energy saving by dynamic voltage scaling?
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Energy reduction techniques for multimedia applications with tolerance to deadline misses
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Probabilistic performance guarantee for real-time tasks with varying computation times
RTAS '95 Proceedings of the Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
Energy-efficient dual-voltage soft real-time system with (m,k)-firm deadline guarantee
Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
Probabilistic design of multimedia embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Cost minimization while satisfying hard/soft timing constraints for heterogeneous embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
An optimal solution for the heterogeneous multiprocessor single-level voltage-setup problem
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Cost Minimization with HPDFG and Data Mining for Heterogeneous DSP
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is arguably the most effectiveenergy reduction technique. The multiple-voltage DVS systems,which can operate only at pre-determined discrete voltages, arepractical and have been well studied. However, one importantunsolved problem is how many levels and at which values shouldvoltages be implemented on a multiple-voltage DVS system toachieve the maximum energy saving. We refer this as the voltageset-up problem. In this paper, (1) we derive analytical solutionsfor dual-voltage system. (2) For the general case that does nothave analytic solutions, we develop efficient numerical methods.(3) We demonstrate how to apply the proposed algorithms onsystem design. (4) Interestingly, the experimental results suggestthat the multiple-voltage DVS system, when the voltages are setup properly, can reach DVS techniqueýs full potential in energysaving. Specifically, on the design of an ad hoc application-specificsystem and the design of the MPEG video encoder, wefind that the best single-voltage systems consume 150% and 20%more energy than the tight theoretical lower bounds, respectively.However, our approach gives dual-, 3-, and 4-voltage DVS systemsettings that are only 17.6%, 4.9%, and 2.6% for the ad hocsystem, and 4.0%, 1.1%, and 0.2% for the MPEG video encoder,over the same lower bounds.