The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Personal space in a virtual community
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Measuring bodily responses to virtual faces with a pressure sensitive chair
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
ICSR'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Social robotics
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Let's come together: social navigation behaviors of virtual and real humans
INTETAIN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
Proceedings of the Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
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The aim of this study was to investigate, if the simulated proximity level of an anthropomorphic conversational agent and the affective contents in the agent's speech influence the subjects' affective experiences. Eight subjects were exposed to messages given by the agent using synthetic speech. The agent character's simulated proximity level (intimate, personal, social, and public) and the affective contents of the speech message (negative, neutral, and positive) were systematically varied in the experiment. The proximity levels were simulated by displaying the agent on a screen in different sizes. After each speech message, the subjects rated their affective experience on four scales: valence, arousal, dominance, and message intimacy. They also chose a preferred agent proximity level. The results showed that by manipulating the agent's simulated proximity level, experienced dominance could be significantly influenced. Further, by manipulating the affective contents of the speech, experienced valence and intimacy could be significantly influenced. The personal and social proximity levels were preferred by the subjects.