A cost-effective evaluation method for use by designers
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
External cognition: how do graphical representations work?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Using speech and touch to enable blind people to access schematic diagrams
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
An Algorithm for Subgraph Isomorphism
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Effects of Navigation and Position on Task When Presenting Diagrams
DIAGRAMS '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
A foundation for tool based mobility support for visually impaired web users
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
Access to mathematics for visually disabled students through multimodal interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
PLUMB: displaying graphs to the blind using an active auditory interface
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Using an audio interface to assist users Who are visually impaired with steering tasks
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
PLUMB:: an interface for users who are blind to display, create, and modify graphs
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Teaching data structures to students who are blind
Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
A multimodal interactive system to create and explore graph structures
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using hierarchies to support non-visual access to relational diagrams
BCS-HCI '07 Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 1
Empirical studies on programming language stimuli
Software Quality Control
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Supporting cross-modal collaboration in the workplace
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
Projeto D4ALL: acesso e manipulação de diagramas por pessoas com deficiência visual
Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GSK: universally accessible graph sketching
Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
Hi-index | 0.01 |
This paper describes the evaluation of software, software designed to allow visually impaired users to explore the structures of chemical molecules using a speech based presentation. Molecular structures are typically presented as two dimensional schematics, and are an important example of a widely used form of diagram -- the graph. software is designed for exploring this specific class of graph. Among its features is the ability to recognise and make explicit features of the graph that would otherwise need to be inferred. The evaluation compared software with a simpler version without this facility, and found that participants were able to explore molecular structures more easily. We discuss the software, evaluation and results, particularly comparing them with theoretical considerations about how sighted readers use diagrams. Finally, we extract the important issues for non-visual graph presentation: making implicit features explicit; enabling hierarchical and connection-based browsing; allowing annotation; and helping users keep their orientation.