CYC: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure
Communications of the ACM
The spatial semantic hierarchy
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Structure in Three-Valued Nearness Relations
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
When and Why Are Visual Landmarks Used in Giving Directions?
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Reviewing the design of DAML+OIL: an ontology language for the semantic web
Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence
CORAL: using natural language generation for navigational assistance
ACSC '03 Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference - Volume 16
Using Semantic Networks for Knowledge Representation in an Intelligent Environment
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Representing Knowledge of Large-scale Space
Representing Knowledge of Large-scale Space
Indoor wayfinding:: developing a functional interface for individuals with cognitive impairments
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Towards intelligent mapping applications: a study of elements found in cognitive maps
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
LAIR: location awareness information representation
ICCOMP'05 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Computers
Landmark-Based Pedestrian Navigation with Enhanced Spatial Reasoning
Pervasive '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Toward understanding natural language directions
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
The co-evolution of taxi drivers and their in-car navigation systems
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
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An expressive representation for location is an important component in many applications. However, while many location-aware applications can reason about space at the level of coordinates and containment relationships, they have no way to express the semantics that define how a particular space is used. We present Lair, an ontology that addresses this problem by modeling both the geographical relationships between spaces as well as the functional purpose of a given space. We describe how Lair was used to create an application that produces walking directions comparable to those given by a person, and a pilot study that evaluated the quality of these directions. We also describe how Lair can be used to evaluate other intelligent user interfaces.