Matching 2.5D Face Scans to 3D Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D + 2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multiple Nose Region Matching for 3D Face Recognition under Varying Facial Expression
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
3D face authentication by mutual coupled 3D and 2D feature extraction
Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference
A fast algorithm for ICP-based 3D shape biometrics
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Journal on Image and Video Processing
Automatic face authentication with self compensation
Image and Vision Computing
Face recognition based on 3D ridge images obtained from range data
Pattern Recognition
Elastic Shape Models for Face Analysis Using Curvilinear Coordinates
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Intelligent 3D Face Recognition
ISICA '08 Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Advances in Computation and Intelligence
The 3DID face alignment system for verifying identity
Image and Vision Computing
3D Face Recognition Using Joint Differential Invariants
ICB '09 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics
A novel approach to classification of facial expressions from 3D-mesh datasets using modified PCA
Pattern Recognition Letters
Extracting Structured Topological Features from 3D Facial Surface: Approach and Applications
ICIAR '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Gappy PCA Classification for Occlusion Tolerant 3D Face Detection
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Facial expression biometrics using statistical shape models
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on recent advances in biometric systems: a signal processing perspective
Bimodal biometric person identification system under perturbations
PSIVT'07 Proceedings of the 2nd Pacific Rim conference on Advances in image and video technology
Ultra fast GPU assisted face recognition based on 3d geometry and texture data
ICIAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part II
Dynamic approach for face recognition using digital image skin correlation
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
A central profile-based 3D face pose estimation
Pattern Recognition
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Current two-dimensional image based face recognition systems encounter difficulties with large facial appearance variations due to the pose, illumination and expression changes. Utilizing 3D information of human faces is promising to handle the pose and lighting variations. While the 3D shape of a face does not change due to head pose (rigid) and lighting changes, it is not invariant to the non-rigid facial movement and evolution, such as expressions and aging effect. We propose a face surface matching framework to take into account both rigid and non-rigid variations to match a 2.5D face image to a 3D face model. The rigid registration is achieved by a modified Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The thin plate spline (TPS) model is applied to estimate the deformation displacement vector field, which is used to represent the non-rigid deformation. For the purpose of face matching, the non-rigid deformations from different sources are identified, which is formulated as a two-class classification problem: intra-subject deformation vs. inter-subject deformation. The deformation classification results are integrated with the matching distances to make the final decision. Experimental results on a database containing 100 3D face models and 98 2.5D scans with smiling expression show that the number of errors is reduced from 28 to 18.