Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Person Identification Using Multiple Cues
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Class-Discriminative Weighted Distortion Measure for VQ-based Speaker Identification
Proceedings of the Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Expert Conciliation for Multi Modal Person Authentication Systems by Bayesian Statistics
AVBPA '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns
IEEE Security and Privacy
Information fusion in biometrics
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication (AVBPA 2001)
Communications of the ACM - Multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist
Large-Scale Evaluation of Multimodal Biometric Authentication Using State-of-the-Art Systems
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Deformation Analysis for 3D Face Matching
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Noise Estimation from a Single Image
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Biometric recognition: how do i know who you are?
ICIAP'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Eigenspace-based face recognition: a comparative study of different approaches
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Block-based noise estimation using adaptive Gaussian filtering
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Multibiometric person identification systems play a crucial role in environments where security must be ensured. However, building such systems must jointly encompass a good compromise between computational costs and overall performance. These systems must also be robust against inherent or potential noise on the data-acquisition machinery. In this respect, we proposed a bimodal identification system that combines two inexpensive and widely accepted biometric traits, namely face and voice information. We use a probabilistic fusion scheme at the matching score level, which linearly weights the classification probabilities of each person-class from both face and voice classifiers. The system is tested under two scenarios: a database composed of perturbation-free faces and voices (ideal case), and a database perturbed with variable Gaussian noise, salt-and-pepper noise and occlusions. Moreover, we develop a simple rule to automatically determine the weight parameter between the classifiers via the empirical evidence obtained from the learning stage and the noise level. The fused recognition systems exceeds in all cases the performance of the face and voice classifiers alone.