A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D + 2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
3D face authentication by mutual coupled 3D and 2D feature extraction
Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic face authentication with self compensation
Image and Vision Computing
Image Level Fusion Method for Multimodal 2D + 3D Face Recognition
ICIAR '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
3D Face Recognition Evaluation on Expressive Faces Using the IV2 Database
ACIVS '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
3D Face Recognition Using R-ICP and Geodesic Coupled Approach
MMM '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Multimedia Modeling Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling
A multimodal approach for 3D face modeling and recognition using 3D deformable facial mask
Machine Vision and Applications
The 3DID face alignment system for verifying identity
Image and Vision Computing
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
PCA-based image recombination for multimodal 2D+3D face recognition
Image and Vision Computing
Automated face identification using volume-based facial models
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Learning to fuse 3d+2d based face recognition at both feature and decision levels
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Rank-Based decision fusion for 3d shape-based face recognition
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
3D face matching using the surface interpenetration measure
ICIAP'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Geometrical descriptors for human face morphological analysis and recognition
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
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The performance of face recognition systems that use two-dimensional images depends on consistent conditions w.r.t. lighting, pose, and facial appearance. We are developing a face recognition system that utilizes three-dimensional shape information to make the system more robust to arbitrary view, lighting, and facial appearance. For each subject, a 3D face model is constructed by integrating several 2.5D face scans from different viewpoints. A 2.5D scan is composed of one range image along with a registered 2D color image. The recognition engine consists of two components, surface matching and appearance-based matching. The surface matching component is based on a modified Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The candidate list used for appearance matching is dynamically generated based on the output of the surface matching component, which reduces the complexity of the appearance-based matching stage. The 3D model in the gallery is used to synthesize new appearance samples with pose and illumination variations that are used for discriminant subspace analysis. The weighted sum rule is applied to combine the two matching components. A hierarchical matching structure is designed to further improve the system performance in both accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results are given for matching a database of 100 3D face models with 598 2.5D independent test scans acquired in different pose and lighting conditions, and with some smiling expression. The results show the feasibility of the proposed matching scheme.