Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Method for Registration of 3-D Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
Object modelling by registration of multiple range images
Image and Vision Computing - Special issue: range image understanding
Surface shape and curvature scales
Image and Vision Computing
Iterative point matching for registration of free-form curves and surfaces
International Journal of Computer Vision
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
COSMOS-A Representation Scheme for 3D Free-Form Objects
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using Spin Images for Efficient Object Recognition in Cluttered 3D Scenes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition without Correspondence using MultidimensionalReceptive Field Histograms
International Journal of Computer Vision
A survey of free-form object representation and recognition techniques
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Statistical color models with application to skin detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Object Oriented Face Detection Using Range and Color Information
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
3D Human Face Recognition Using Point Signature
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Comparison and Combination of Ear and Face Images in Appearance-Based Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Three-Dimensional Model Based Face Recognition
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Human Ear Detection from Side Face Range Images
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Contour Matching for 3D Ear Recognition
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Fast Multi-Modal Approach to Facial Feature Detection
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Integrating Range and Texture Information for 3D Face Recognition
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
An Evaluation of Multimodal 2D+3D Face Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Direct Method for Modeling Non-Rigid Motion with Thin Plate Spline
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Force field feature extraction for ear biometrics
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Empirical Evaluation of Advanced Ear Biometrics
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Ear Biometrics Using 2D and 3D Images
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Shape Model-Based 3D Ear Detection from Side Face Range Images
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
A Fast Algorithm for ICP-Based 3D Shape Biometrics
AUTOID '05 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies
Predicting fingerprint biometrics performance from a small gallery
Pattern Recognition Letters
An Automatic 3D Ear Recognition System
3DPVT '06 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVT'06)
Expression-invariant 3D face recognition
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Ear biometrics in human identification
Ear biometrics in human identification
Multi-biometrics 2d and 3d ear recognition
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Performance evaluation and prediction for 3d ear recognition
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Frontal face authentication using discriminating grids withmorphological feature vectors
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Face localization and authentication using color and depth images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A multi-matcher for ear authentication
Pattern Recognition Letters
Unified 3D face and ear recognition using wavelets on geometry images
Pattern Recognition
Ear Recognition with Variant Poses Using Locally Linear Embedding
ICIC '08 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues
A Fast and Fully Automatic Ear Recognition Approach Based on 3D Local Surface Features
ACIVS '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
Fusion of color spaces for ear authentication
Pattern Recognition
Palmprint recognition using 3-D information
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Intelligent computing for automated biometrics, criminal and forensic applications
ICIC'07 Proceedings of the intelligent computing 3rd international conference on Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications
On shape-mediated enrolment in ear biometrics
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Multi-view ear recognition based on moving least square pose interpolation
ICIC'09 Proceedings of the Intelligent computing 5th international conference on Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications
Toward unconstrained ear recognition from two-dimensional images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans - Special issue on recent advances in biometrics
A convolutional learning system for object classification in 3-D lidar data
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Shaped wavelets for curvilinear structures for ear biometrics
ISVC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
On guided model-based analysis for ear biometrics
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Efficient Detection and Recognition of 3D Ears
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automated human identification using ear imaging
Pattern Recognition
Ear recognition based on local information fusion
Pattern Recognition Letters
A review of recent advances in 3D ear- and expression-invariant face biometrics
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Reliable ear identification using 2-D quadrature filters
Pattern Recognition Letters
A rotation and scale invariant technique for ear detection in 3D
Pattern Recognition Letters
Selecting 3D curves on the nasal surface using AdaBoost for person authentication
EG 3DOR'11 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics conference on 3D Object Retrieval
Multibiometric human recognition using 3D ear and face features
Pattern Recognition
Human eyebrow recognition in the matching-recognizing framework
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Improving the robustness of single-view-based ear recognition when rotated in depth
ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part V
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
3D pure ear extraction and recognition
CCBR'12 Proceedings of the 7th Chinese conference on Biometric Recognition
Multimodal ear recognition based on 2d+3d feature fusion
CCBR'12 Proceedings of the 7th Chinese conference on Biometric Recognition
Entropy based Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and classification for ear detection
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
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Human ear is a new class of relatively stable biometrics that has drawn researchers' attention recently. In this paper, we propose a complete human recognition system using 3D ear biometrics. The system consists of 3D ear detection, 3D ear identification, and 3D ear verification. For ear detection, we propose a new approach which uses a single reference 3D ear shape model and locates the ear helix and the antihelix parts in registered 2D color and 3D range images. For ear identification and verification using range images, two new representations are proposed. These include the ear helix/antihelix representation obtained from the detection algorithm and the local surface patch (LSP) representation computed at feature points. A local surface descriptor is characterized by a centroid, a local surface type, and a 2D histogram. The 2D histogram shows the frequency of occurrence of shape index values versus the angles between the normal of reference feature point and that of its neighbors. Both shape representations are used to estimate the initial rigid transformation between a gallery-probe pair. This transformation is applied to selected locations of ears in the gallery set and a modified Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is used to iteratively refine the transformation to bring the gallery ear and probe ear into the best alignment in the sense of the least root mean square error. The experimental results on the UCR data set of 155 subjects with 902 images under pose variations and the University of Notre Dame data set of 302 subjects with time-lapse gallery-probe pairs are presented to compare and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the system.