A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D + 2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Biometric Recognition Using 3D Ear Shape
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Efficient Multimodal 2D-3D Hybrid Approach to Automatic Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using multi-instance enrollment to improve performance of 3D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Face recognition based on 3D ridge images obtained from range data
Pattern Recognition
A Fast and Fully Automatic Ear Recognition Approach Based on 3D Local Surface Features
ACIVS '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
Fusion of color spaces for ear authentication
Pattern Recognition
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
On shape-mediated enrolment in ear biometrics
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Toward unconstrained ear recognition from two-dimensional images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans - Special issue on recent advances in biometrics
Efficient Detection and Recognition of 3D Ears
International Journal of Computer Vision
The image ray transform for structural feature detection
Pattern Recognition Letters
An efficient ear localization technique
Image and Vision Computing
A review of recent advances in 3D ear- and expression-invariant face biometrics
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A rotation and scale invariant technique for ear detection in 3D
Pattern Recognition Letters
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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We present results of the largest experimental investigation of ear biometrics to date. Approaches considered include a PCA ("eigen-ear") approach with 2D intensity images, achieving 63.8% rank-one recognition; a PCA approach with range images, achieving 55.3% Hausdorff matching of edge images from range images, achieving 67.5% and ICP matching of the 3D data, achieving 98.7%. ICP based matching not only achieves the best performance, but also shows good scalability with size of dataset. The data set used represents over 300 persons, each with images acquired on at least two different dates. In addition, the ICP-based approach is further applied on an expanded data set of 404 subjects, and achieves 97.5% rank one recognition rate. In order to test the robustness and variability of ear biometrics, ear symmetry is also investigated. In our experiments around 90% of people驴s right ear and left ear are symmetric.