Classifier systems and genetic algorithms
Artificial Intelligence
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in dynamic environments through a minimal probability of exploration
SAB94 Proceedings of the third international conference on Simulation of adaptive behavior : from animals to animats 3: from animals to animats 3
Learning gene linkage to efficiently solve problems of bounded difficulty using genetic algorithms
Learning gene linkage to efficiently solve problems of bounded difficulty using genetic algorithms
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
The Design of Innovation: Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms
The Design of Innovation: Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms
A Survey of Optimization by Building and Using Probabilistic Models
Computational Optimization and Applications
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
A Preliminary Investigation of Modified XCS as a Generic Data Mining Tool
IWLCS '01 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Advances in Learning Classifier Systems
Strength or Accuracy: Credit Assignment in Learning Classifier Systems
Strength or Accuracy: Credit Assignment in Learning Classifier Systems
Toward Optimal Classifier System Performance in Non-Markov Environments
Evolutionary Computation
Classifier fitness based on accuracy
Evolutionary Computation
An analysis of generalization in the xcs classifier system
Evolutionary Computation
Reinforcement learning: a survey
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Bounding the population size in XCS to ensure reproductive opportunities
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
Tournament selection: stable fitness pressure in XCS
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
Learning classifier systems: a complete introduction, review, and roadmap
Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications
Prediction update algorithms for XCSF: RLS, Kalman filter, and gain adaptation
Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Empirical analysis of generalization and learning in XCS with gradient descent
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Classifier systems that compute action mappings
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Modeling selection pressure in XCS for proportionate and tournament selection
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Context-dependent predictions and cognitive arm control with XCSF
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Learning Classifier Systems: Looking Back and Glimpsing Ahead
Learning Classifier Systems
Revisiting UCS: Description, Fitness Sharing, and Comparison with XCS
Learning Classifier Systems
A Learning Classifier System Approach to Relational Reinforcement Learning
Learning Classifier Systems
Analysis and improvement of the genetic discovery component of XCS
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems - Data Mining and Hybrid Intelligent Systems
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence
An XCS approach to forecasting financial time series
Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: Late Breaking Papers
Performance and efficiency of memetic pittsburgh learning classifier systems
Evolutionary Computation
Learning classifier systems: a complete introduction, review, and roadmap
Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications
Facetwise analysis of XCS for problems with class imbalances
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Hypothesis testing with classifier systems for rule-based risk prediction
EvoBIO'07 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Evolutionary computation, machine learning and data mining in bioinformatics
Random artificial incorporation of noise in a learning classifier system environment
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolution for modeling: a genetic programming framework for sesam
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Recent analysis of the XCS classifier system have shown that successful genetic learning strongly depends on the amount of fitness pressure towards accurate classifiers. Since the traditionally used proportionate selection is dependent on fitness scaling and fitness distribution, the resulting evolutionary fitness pressure may be neither stable nor sufficiently strong. Thus, we apply tournament selection to XCS. In particular, we exhibit the weakness of proportionate selection and suggest tournament selection as a more reliable alternative. We show that tournament selection results in a learning classifier system that is more parameter independent, noise independent, and more efficient in exploiting fitness guidance in single-step problems as well as multistep problems. The evolving population is more focused on promising subregions of the problem space and thus finds the desired accurate, maximally general representation faster and more reliably.