Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An evolved, vision-based behavioral model of coordinated group motion
Proceedings of the second international conference on From animals to animats 2 : simulation of adaptive behavior: simulation of adaptive behavior
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
Genetic Programming and Autoconstructive Evolution with the Push Programming Language
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Adaptive populations of endogenously diversifying Pushpop organisms are reliably diverse
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
breve: a 3D environment for the simulation of decentralized systems and artificial life
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Cooperation in an unpredictable environment
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
The Push3 execution stack and the evolution of control
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Motility, mixing, and multicellularity
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Division blocks and the open-ended evolution of development, form, and behavior
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Unwitting distributed genetic programming via asynchronous JavaScript and XML
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolution of Solitary and Group Transport Behaviors for Autonomous Robots Capable of Self-Assembling
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
Strengths and synergies of evolved and designed controllers: A study within collective robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Genetic team composition and level of selection in the evolution of cooperation
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Flocking behaviour in simple ecosystems as a result of artificial evolution
Applied Soft Computing
The effects of tags on the evolution of honest signaling
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Generating diverse behaviors of evolutionary robots with speciation for theory of mind
SEAL'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
Expressive genetic programming
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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We demonstrate the emergence of collective behavior in two evolutionary computation systems, one an evolutionary extension of a classic (highly constrained) flocking algorithm and the other a relatively un-constrained system in which the behavior of agents is governed by evolved computer programs. The first system demonstrates the evolution of a form of multicellular organization, while the second demonstrates the evolution of a form of altruistic food sharing. In this article we describe both systems in detail, document the emergence of collective behavior, and argue that these systems present new opportunities for the study of group dynamics in an evolutionary context. We also provide a brief overview of the breve simulation environment in which the systems were produced, and of breve's facilities for the rapid, exploratory development of visualization strategies for artificial life.