MURAX: a robust linguistic approach for question answering using an on-line encyclopedia
SIGIR '93 Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Document centered approach to text normalization
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Scaling question answering to the Web
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Learning search engine specific query transformations for question answering
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Mining the web for answers to natural language questions
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Getting answers to natural language questions on the web
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Improving Category Specific Web Search by Learning Query Modifications
SAINT '01 Proceedings of the 2001 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2001)
Ranking suspected answers to natural language questions using predictive annotation
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
Learning trees and rules with set-valued features
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
A supervised learning approach to search of definitions
Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Special section on China AVS standard
Using random walks for question-focused sentence retrieval
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Evaluating mass knowledge acquisition using the ALICE chatterbot: the AZ-ALICE dialog system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Evaluating the efficacy of a terrorism question/answer system
Communications of the ACM - Creating a science of games
Neighborhood restrictions in geographic IR
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Applying question answering technology to locating malevolent online content
Decision Support Systems
Semantic verification in an online fact seeking environment
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Lightweight web-based fact repositories for textual question answering
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Beyond keywords: Automated question answering on the web
Communications of the ACM - Enterprise information integration: and other tools for merging data
Scoring and summarising gene product clusters using the Gene Ontology
International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics
Scoring and summarising gene product clusters using the Gene Ontology
International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics
Estimation of Geographic Relevance for Web Objects Using Probabilistic Models
W2GIS '08 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems
Exploring models for semantic category verification
Information Systems
Exploring models for semantic category verification
Information Systems
A go-driven semantic similarity measure for quantifying the biological relatedness of gene products
Intelligent Decision Technologies - Special issue on advances in medical intelligent decision support systems
'How may I help you'-spoken queries for technical assistance
Proceedings of the 48th Annual Southeast Regional Conference
Using virtual documents to move information retrieval and knowledge management closer together
Proceedings of the fourth workshop on Exploiting semantic annotations in information retrieval
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Web-based search engines such as Google and NorthernLight return documents that are relevant to a user query, not answers to user questions. We have developed an architecture that augments existing search engines so that they support natural language question answering. The process entails five steps: query modulation, document retrieval, passage extraction, phrase extraction, and answer ranking. In this article, we describe some probabilistic approaches to the last three of these stages. We show how our techniques apply to a number of existing search engines, and we also present results contrasting three different methods for question answering. Our algorithm, probabilistic phrase reranking (PPR), uses proximity and question type features and achieves a total reciprocal document rank of .20 on the TREC8 corpus. Our techniques have been implemented as a Web-accessible system, called NSIR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.