Lexico-semantic pattern matching as a companion to parsing in text understanding
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Automatic text structuring and retrieval-experiments in automatic encyclopedia searching
SIGIR '91 Proceedings of the 14th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Incorporating a semantic analysis into a document retrieval strategy
SIGIR '91 Proceedings of the 14th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Introduction To Automata Theory, Languages, And Computation
Introduction To Automata Theory, Languages, And Computation
A practical part-of-speech tagger
ANLC '92 Proceedings of the third conference on Applied natural language processing
Automatic acquisition of hyponyms from large text corpora
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Answering questions for an organization online
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Question-answering by predictive annotation
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Building a question answering test collection
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Models for reader interaction systems
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Retrieving descriptive phrases from large amounts of free text
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Scaling question answering to the Web
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Exploiting redundancy in question answering
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Scaling question answering to the web
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Probabilistic question answering on the web
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web
Generating natural language summaries from multiple on-line sources
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on natural language generation
Natural language question answering: the view from here
Natural Language Engineering
Complex answers: a case study using a WWW question answering system
Natural Language Engineering
The TREC question answering track
Natural Language Engineering
Ranking suspected answers to natural language questions using predictive annotation
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
A question answering system supported by information extraction
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
Termight: identifying and translating technical terminology
ANLC '94 Proceedings of the fourth conference on Applied natural language processing
Building a generation knowledge source using Internet-accessible newswire
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Distributional part-of-speech tagging
EACL '95 Proceedings of the seventh conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Deep Read: a reading comprehension system
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Probabilistic question answering on the Web: Research Articles
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Using machine learning techniques to interpret WH-questions
ACL '01 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Evaluating the evaluation: a case study using the TREC 2002 question answering track
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Extracting key semantic terms from Chinese speech query for web searches
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
Speech-based retrieval using semantic co-occurrence filtering
HLT '94 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
A machine learning approach to answering questions for reading comprehension tests
EMNLP '00 Proceedings of the 2000 Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing and very large corpora: held in conjunction with the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 13
MAYA: a fast Question-answering system based on a predictive answer indexer
ODQA '01 Proceedings of the workshop on Open-domain question answering - Volume 12
QARAB: a question answering system to support the Arabic language
SEMITIC '02 Proceedings of the ACL-02 workshop on Computational approaches to semitic languages
Fine-grained proper noun ontologies for question answering
SEMANET '02 Proceedings of the 2002 workshop on Building and using semantic networks - Volume 11
A reliable indexing method for a practical QA system
MultiSumQA '02 proceedings of the 2002 conference on multilingual summarization and question answering - Volume 19
Extracting exact answers to questions based on structural links
MultiSumQA '02 proceedings of the 2002 conference on multilingual summarization and question answering - Volume 19
Shallow NLP techniques for internet search
ACSC '06 Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48
Linguini: language identification for multilingual documents
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special section: Exploring the outlands of the MIS discipline
Ontology-supported FAQ processing and ranking techniques
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Identifying and improving retrieval for procedural questions
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Open-domain question: answering
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Lightweight web-based fact repositories for textual question answering
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
A Study on Multi-word Extraction from Chinese Documents
Advanced Web and NetworkTechnologies, and Applications
Sentence Topics Based Knowledge Acquisition for Question Answering
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Dublin city university at QA@CLEF 2008
CLEF'08 Proceedings of the 9th Cross-language evaluation forum conference on Evaluating systems for multilingual and multimodal information access
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Knowledge and reasoning for question answering: Research perspectives
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
A LF based answer indexing method for encyclopedia question-answering system
AIRS'05 Proceedings of the Second Asia conference on Asia Information Retrieval Technology
Question answering using statistical language modelling
Computer Speech and Language
Textual resource acquisition and engineering
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Finding needles in the haystack: search and candidate generation
IBM Journal of Research and Development
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Robust linguistic methods are applied to the task of answering closed-class questions using a corpus of natural language. The methods are illustrated in a broad domain: answering general-knowledge questions using an on-line encyclopedia.A closed-class question is a question stated in natural language, which assumes some definite answer typified by a noun phrase rather than a procedural answer. The methods hypothesize noun phrases that are likely to be the answer, and present the user with relevant text in which they are marked, focussing the user's attention appropriately. Furthermore, the sentences of matching text that are shown to the user are selected to confirm phrase relations implied by the question, rather than being selected solely on the basis of word frequency.The corpus is accessed via an information retrieval (IR) system that supports boolean search with proximity constraints. Queries are automatically constructed from the phrasal content of the question, and passed to the IR system to find relevant text. Then the relevant text is itself analyzed; noun phrase hypotheses are extracted and new queries are independently made to confirm phrase relations for the various hypotheses.The methods are currently being implemented in a system called MURAX and although this process is not complete, it is sufficiently advanced for an interim evaluation to be presented.