Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fundamentals of computer aided geometric design
Fundamentals of computer aided geometric design
Dynamic NURBS with geometric constraints for interactive sculpting
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Special issue on interactive sculpting
The NURBS book
Finite Element Methods with B-Splines
Finite Element Methods with B-Splines
Realistic Skeletal Muscle Deformation Using Finite Element Analysis
SIBGRAPI '01 Proceedings of the 14th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Real Time Muscle Deformations using Mass-Spring Systems
CGI '98 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 1998
Finite volume methods for the simulation of skeletal muscle
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Animating the Human Muscle Structure
Computing in Science and Engineering
Volumetric parameterization and trivariate b-spline fitting using harmonic functions
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Interacting with virtual and augmented worlds
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
Real-time individualized virtual humans
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses
Volumetric parameterization and trivariate B-spline fitting using harmonic functions
Computer Aided Geometric Design
SMI 2012: Full Component-aware tensor-product trivariate splines of arbitrary topology
Computers and Graphics
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Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS) is often used to construct the free-form boundary representation of three-dimensional objects. In this paper, we propose a method for mechanical analysis for deformable bodies by combining NURBS geometric representation and the Galerkin method. The NURBS surface bounding a 3D body is extended to a trivariate NURBS solid by adding another parametric domain represented by additional control points. The displacement field of the body is constructed using the NURBS shape representation with the control point being the generalized coordinates. The interpolated displacement field is directly used to facilitate finite element formulation. In this manner, traditional FEM meshing is not required. In this work, the NURBS-FEM is applied to skeletal muscle modeling. Muscle is modeled as anisotropic, active hyperelastic solids. The directions of the contractile fibers can be uniform or along the tangent direction of NURBS curves. Typical contractive motions of isolated muscle are simulated.