Designing the user interface (2nd ed.): strategies for effective human-computer interaction
Designing the user interface (2nd ed.): strategies for effective human-computer interaction
The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
New frontiers of application design
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Dynamic VTH Scaling Scheme for Active Leakage Power Reduction
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
PROPHET: speculative load prediction algorithm for dynamic performance scaling
IWCMC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing
The user in experimental computer systems research
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Experimental computer science
The user in experimental computer systems research
ecs'07 Experimental computer science on Experimental computer science
PICSEL: measuring user-perceived performance to control dynamic frequency scaling
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Transaction-based adaptive dynamic voltage scaling for interactive applications
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Computational sprinting on a hardware/software testbed
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
A survey on techniques for improving the energy efficiency of large-scale distributed systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A resource-driven DVFS scheme for smart handheld devices
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
| Hi-index | 0.01 |
Power has become a critical concern for battery-driven computing systems, on which many applications that are run are interactive. System-level voltage scaling techniques, such as dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and adaptive body biasing (ABB), have been shown to reduce energy consumption effectively. Previous works on DVS and ABB exploit low CPU utilization of the processor to drive voltage scaling. This has become inadequate for modern interactive applications involving high CPU usage. In this work, we target computer responsiveness during voltage scaling to exploit more opportunities for energy reduction. Instead of CPU utilization, we use the user-perceived latency, the delay between user input and computer response, to drive voltage scaling. Considering the tradeoff between energy consumption and computer responsiveness during voltage scaling not only reduces energy consumption effectively, but also ensures good computer responsiveness for interactive applications. Experimental results show that for the 70nm technology, during the execution of seven commonly-used interactive applications, the energy consumption of the processor using user-perceived latency driven DVS is reduced by an average of 37.3%, and the user-perceived latency by an average of 18.3%, compared to CPU utilization driven DVS. If both DVS and ABB are performed simultaneously based on the user-perceived latency, then the energy consumption is reduced by another 38.9% compared to when DVS is performed alone, while maintaining a similar computer responsiveness level. We have implemented user-perceived latency driven voltage scaling under Linux with X Window system. However, the methodology is extensible to other operating systems as well.