Experimental evaluation of loss perception in continuous media
Multimedia Systems
Closed-loop adaptive voltage scaling controller for standard-cell ASICs
Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Vertigo: automatic performance-setting for Linux
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Razor: A Low-Power Pipeline Based on Circuit-Level Timing Speculation
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling based on workload decomposition
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Measuring and Understanding User Comfort With Resource Borrowing
HPDC '04 Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
An Energy-Aware Framework for Coordinated Dynamic Software Management in Mobile Computers
MASCOTS '04 Proceedings of the The IEEE Computer Society's 12th Annual International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems
User-perceived latency driven voltage scaling for interactive applications
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
AutoDVS: an automatic, general-purpose, dynamic clock scheduling system for hand-held devices
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Minimizing expected energy in real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software
A Dynamic Compilation Framework for Controlling Microprocessor Energy and Performance
Proceedings of the 38th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
A run-time, feedback-based energy estimation model For embedded devices
CODES+ISSS '06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
Towards Scheduling Virtual Machines Based On Direct User Input
VTDC '06 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing
Quality of perception: user quality of service in multimedia presentations
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Vpm tokens: virtual machine-aware power budgeting in datacenters
HPDC '08 Proceedings of the 17th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
Experiences with client-based speculative remote display
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Power to the people: Leveraging human physiological traits to control microprocessor frequency
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Online work maximization under a peak temperature constraint
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
VPM tokens: virtual machine-aware power budgeting in datacenters
Cluster Computing
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Display power management policies in practice
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
Emnet: satisfying the individual user through empathic home networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
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The ultimate goal of a computer system is to satisfy its users. The success of architectural or system-level optimizations depends largely on having accurate metrics for user satisfaction. We propose to derive such metrics from information that is "close to flesh" and apparent to the user rather than from information that is "close to metal" and hidden from the user. We describe and evaluate PICSEL, a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique that uses measurements of variations in the rate of change of a computer's video output to estimate user-perceived performance. Our adaptive algorithms, one conservative and one aggressive, use these estimates to dramatically reduce operating frequencies and voltages for graphically-intensive applications while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for the user. We evaluate PICSEL through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows XP. Experiments performed with 20 users executing three applications indicate that the measured laptop power can be reduced by up to 12.1%, averaged across all of our users and applications, compared to the default Windows XP DVFS policy. User studies revealed that the difference in overall user satisfaction between the more aggressive version of PICSEL and Windows DVFS were statistically insignificant, whereas the conservative version of PICSEL actually improved user satisfaction when compared to Windows DVFS.