Closed-loop adaptive voltage scaling controller for standard-cell ASICs

  • Authors:
  • Sandeep Dhar;Dragan Maksimović;Bruno Kranzen

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Colorado, Boulder, CO;University of Colorado, Boulder, CO;National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, CA

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

The paper describes a closed-loop controller for adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) where the supply voltage to a standard-cell ASIC is dynamically adjusted to the minimum value required for the desired system speed. The controller includes a clock generator that provides a low-jitter clock to the ASIC at all steady-state operating points and through transients. To speed up the voltage transient response to step changes in clock frequency, the controller is based on a multiple-tap resettable delay line. A chip including the AVS controller and a dual 16-bit MAC application has been fabricated in a standard 0.5 &mgr; CMOS process. The area taken by the AVS controller is 0.12mm2. Experimental results demonstrate operation over the application clock frequency range from 80 kHz to 20 MHz, and a 38&mgr;s transient response for a step change in speed from standby to maximum throughput operation.