Distributing expressional faces in 2-D emotional space
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Evaluation of an appearance-based 3D face tracker using dense 3D data
Machine Vision and Applications
PAD Model Based Facial Expression Analysis
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing, Part II
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Pose-invariant facial expression recognition using variable-intensity templates
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
Analyzing facial expression by fusing manifolds
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
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The recognition of facial gestures and expressions in image sequences is an important and challenging problem. Most of the existing methods adopt the following paradigm. First, facial actions/features are retrieved from the images, and then facial expressions are recognized based on the retrieved temporal parameters. Unlike this main stream, this paper introduces a new approach allowing the simultaneous recovery of facial actions and expression using a particle filter adopting multi-class dynamics that are conditioned on the expression. For each frame in the video sequence, our approach is split in two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the 3D head pose is recovered using a deterministic registration technique based on Online Appearance Models. In the second stage, the facial actions as well as the facial expression are simultaneously recovered using the stochastic framework with mixed states. The proposed fast scheme is either as robust as existing ones or more robust with respect to many regards. Experimental results show the feasibility and robustness of the proposed approach.