Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The marks are on the knowledge worker
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The usability of transparent overview layers
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The character, value, and management of personal paper archives
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
TiltText: using tilt for text input to mobile phones
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interacting with hidden content using content-aware free-space transparency
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Documents at Hand: Learning from Paper to Improve Digital Technologies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Zliding: fluid zooming and sliding for high precision parameter manipulation
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Benefits of interactive display environments in the software development process
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Cooperative and human aspects of software engineering
Exploring true multi-user multimodal interaction over a digital table
Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems
Piles across space: Breaking the real-estate barrier on small-display devices
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Interaction techniques for hybrid piles of documents on interactive tabletops
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Piles, tabs and overlaps in navigation among documents
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Physical and digital media usage patterns on interactive tabletop surfaces
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
"Oh snap" - helping users align digital objects on touch interfaces
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part III
Motion and context sensing techniques for pen computing
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
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Designers and architects regularly use piles to organize visual artifacts. Recent efforts have now made it possible for users to create piles in digital systems as well. However, there is still little understanding of how users should interact with digital piles. In this paper we investigate this issue. We first identify three tasks that must be supported by a digital pile -- navigation, reorganization, and repositioning. We then present three interaction techniques -- called DragDeck, HoverDeck, and ExpandPile that meet these requirements. The techniques allow users to easily browse the piles, and also allow them to move elements between and within piles in an ad-hoc manner. In a user study that compared the different interaction techniques, we found that ExpandPile was significantly faster than the other techniques over all tasks. There were differences, however, in individual tasks. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the different techniques and identify several situations where each of them could prove useful.