The VideoWindow system in informal communication
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Evaluating video as a technology for informal communication
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Speech patterns in video-mediated conversations
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What video can and can't do for collaboration: a case study
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
Directness and liveness in the morphic user interface construction environment
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
A poor quality video link affects speech but not gaze
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Looking and lingering as conversational cues in video-mediated communication
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
From Kansas to Oz: collaborative debugging when a shared world breaks
Communications of the ACM
Trust breaks down in electronic contexts but can be repaired by some initial face-to-face contact
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of gaze awareness on dialogue in a video-based collaborative manipulative task
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting flexible roles in a shared space
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Virtual Collaborative Learning: A Comparison between Face-to-Face Tutored Video Instruction (TVI) and Distributed Tutored Video Instruction (DTVI)
Scaffolding: design issues in single & collaborative virtual environments for social skills learning
EGVE '02 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2002
CASCON '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages
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We report on set of studies conducted over two years involving over 1000 students at two universities. The main study compares three conditions: conventional classroom lecture, a face-to-face collaborative learning technique called Tutored Video Instruction (TVI), and the virtual-world counterpart of TVI, Distributed Tutored Video Instruction (DTVI). The main study involved over 700 students in 6 courses. When using final course grade as an outcome measure, it has been previously established that TVI students outperform lecture students. Therefore the comparison of interest for us is between DTVI and TVI: would the audio and video technology used to support a distributed group enable DTVI students to achieve the higher grades attainable in TVI? We found no statistical difference between the grades of the DTVI and TVI students, and both groups outperformed the lecture students.We also summarize extensive interaction process data and survey data, then report on some more informal studies assessing the usability and effectiveness of an "Enhanced DTVI" system, in which distributed students can not only see and talk over digital networked media, but can take notes together in real time.