Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM)
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Extending lifetime of portable systems by battery scheduling
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An analytical high-level battery model for use in energy management of portable electronic systems
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Battery-Driven Dynamic Power Management
IEEE Design & Test
Battery Life Estimation of Mobile Embedded Systems
VLSID '01 Proceedings of the The 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID '01)
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Energy management for battery-powered embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Multimedia streaming in large-scale sensor networks with mobile swarms
ACM SIGMOD Record
Energy efficient battery management
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Improving battery performance by using traffic shaping techniques
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
An effective method for state-of-charge estimation in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy budget approximations for battery-powered systems with a fixed schedule of active intervals
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Battery-aware depth-first search routing for streaming data transmissions in WSNs
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
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Recent technological advances have made it possible to support long lifetime and large volume streaming data transmissions in sensor networks. A major challenge is to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensors to support such transmissions. Battery, as the power provider of the sensors, therefore emerges as the key factor for achieving high performance in such applications. Recent study in battery technology reveals that the behavior of battery discharging is more complex than we used to think. Battery powered sensors might waste a huge amount of energy if we do not carefully schedule and budget their discharging. In this paper we study the effect of battery behavior on routing for streaming data transmissions in wireless sensor networks. We first give an on-line computable energy model to mathematically model battery discharge behavior. We show that the model can capture and describe battery behavior accurately at low computational complexity and thus is suitable for on-line battery capacity computation. Based on this battery model we then present a battery-aware routing (BAR) protocol to schedule the routing in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol is sensitive to the battery status of routing nodes and avoids energy loss. We use the battery data from actual sensors to evaluate the performance of our protocol. The results show that the battery-aware protocol proposed in this paper performs well and can save a significant amount of energy compared to existing routing protocols for streaming data transmissions. Network lifetime is also prolonged with maximum data throughput. As far as we know, this is the first work considering battery-awareness with an accurate analytical on-line computable battery model in sensor network routing. We believe the battery model can be used to explore other energy efficient schemes for wireless networks as well.