Generating legal arguments and predictions from case texts

  • Authors:

  • Stefanie Brüninghaus;Kevin D. Ashley

  • Affiliations:

  • University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

  • Venue:
  • ICAIL '05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

In this paper, we present methods for automatically finding abstract, legally relevant concepts in case texts and demonstrate how they can be used to make predictions of case outcomes, given the texts as inputs.In a set of experiments to test these methods, we focus on the open question of how best to represent legal text for finding abstract concepts. We compare different ways of representing legal case texts in order to test whether adding domain knowledge and some linguistic information can improve performance.We found that replacing individual names by roles in the case texts led to better indexing, and that adding certain syntactic and semantic information, in the form of Propositional Patterns that capture a sense of "who did what", led to better prediction. Our experiments also showed that of three learning algorithms, Nearest Neighbor worked best in learning how to identify indexing concepts in texts.In these experiments, we introduced a prototype system that can reason with text cases; it analyzes a case, predicts its outcome considering other cases in the database, and explains the prediction, all starting with a textual description of the case's facts as input.