Robots: Fact, Fiction, and Prediction
Robots: Fact, Fiction, and Prediction
Putting the virtual into reality: assessing object-presence with projection-augmented models
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Shader Lamps: Animating Real Objects With Image-Based Illumination
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
SmartTouch: Electric Skin to Touch the Untouchable
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Feeling bumps and holes without a haptic interface: the perception of pseudo-haptic textures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PHOXEL-SPACE: an interface for exploring volumetric data with physical voxels
DIS '04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Sketch-based rapid prototyping platform for hardware-software integrated interactive products
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual rear projection: do shadows matter?
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing augmented reality interfaces
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Learning through computer-generated visualization
Dynamic Texturing of Real Objects in an Augmented Reality System
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
The Effect That Touching a Projection Augmented Model Has on Object-Presence
IV '05 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Immersive projection technology
Efficient physically-based perceptual rendering of participating media
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Posters
Haptic augmented reality: Taxonomy and an example of stiffness modulation
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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A projection augmented model (PA model) is a type of haptic augmented reality display. It consists of a real physical model, onto which a computer image is projected to create a realistic looking object. Thus, a PA model creates the illusion of actually being the object that it represents, as opposed to a white model and a projected image. Users can physically touch the surface of a PA model with their bare hands, which has experiential value for the types of applications for which they are being developed. However, the majority of PA models do not provide haptic feedback for material properties such as texture, and hence feel incorrect when they are touched. In addition, most PA models are front-projected which means the projected image appears on the back of the user's hand, and their hand casts a shadow on the display. Previous research has found that touching this type of PA model reduces a user's sense of object presence. The empirical study reported in this paper investigated which of the problems had a greater effect on object presence. It was found that object presence was significantly higher when correct haptic feedback for material properties was provided; however eliminating the visual projection problems rarely affected object presence. These results have implications for the direction in which PA model technology should be developed. They also have implications for theory on how the haptic and visual senses contribute to a person's sense of object presence, and indeed presence.