A survey of thresholding techniques
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Adaptive thresholding algorithm and its hardware implementation
Pattern Recognition Letters
Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis and Control
Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis and Control
An Introduction to Digital Image Processing
An Introduction to Digital Image Processing
Digital Picture Processing
Goal-Directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improved binarization algorithm for document image by histogram and edge detection
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
Binarising Camera Images for OCR
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Thresholding of badly illuminated document images through photometric correction
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Document engineering
A double-threshold image binarization method based on edge detector
Pattern Recognition
Restoration of arbitrarily warped document images based on text line and word detection
SPPR'07 Proceedings of the Fourth conference on IASTED International Conference: Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Text line detection in handwritten documents
Pattern Recognition
Local Orientation Extraction for Wordspotting in Syriac Manuscripts
ICISP '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Image and Signal Processing
Morphological preprocessing method to thresholding degraded word images
Pattern Recognition Letters
A comprehensive evaluation methodology for noisy historical document recognition techniques
Proceedings of The Third Workshop on Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data
Accessing the content of Greek historical documents
Proceedings of The Third Workshop on Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data
Restoration of arbitrarily warped document images based on text line and word detection
SPPRA '07 Proceedings of the Fourth IASTED International Conference on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
FUZZ-IEEE'09 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fuzzy Systems
Estimation of proper parameter values for document binarization
CGIM '08 Proceedings of the Tenth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
A document binarization method based on connected operators
Pattern Recognition Letters
An analysis of binarization ground truthing
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
Binarization of historical document images using the local maximum and minimum
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
Document analysis applied to fragments: feature set for the reconstruction of torn documents
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
Page frame detection for double page document images
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
BinarizationShop: a user-assisted software suite for converting old documents to black-and-white
Proceedings of the 10th annual joint conference on Digital libraries
Glyph extraction from historic document images
Proceedings of the 10th ACM symposium on Document engineering
Adaptive thresholding methods for documents image binarization
MCPR'11 Proceedings of the Third Mexican conference on Pattern recognition
Proceedings of the 2011 Joint Workshop on Multilingual OCR and Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data
A design of a preprocessing framework for large database of historical documents
Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing
Shape based local thresholding for binarization of document images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Parameter-free based two-stage method for binarizing degraded document images
Pattern Recognition
A phase congruency based document binarization
ICISP'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image and Signal Processing
A ground truth bleed-through document image database
TPDL'12 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries
Document image binarization using wavelets for OCR applications
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Content directed enhancement of degraded document images
Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition
A learning framework for the optimization and automation of document binarization methods
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
An optimization for binarization methods by removing binary artifacts
Pattern Recognition Letters
Multilingual OCR research and applications: an overview
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Multilingual OCR
Gradient based adaptive thresholding
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
A combined approach for the binarization of handwritten document images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Slant estimation and core-region detection for handwritten Latin words
Pattern Recognition Letters
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This paper presents a new adaptive approach for the binarization and enhancement of degraded documents. The proposed method does not require any parameter tuning by the user and can deal with degradations which occur due to shadows, non-uniform illumination, low contrast, large signal-dependent noise, smear and strain. We follow several distinct steps: a pre-processing procedure using a low-pass Wiener filter, a rough estimation of foreground regions, a background surface calculation by interpolating neighboring background intensities, a thresholding by combining the calculated background surface with the original image while incorporating image up-sampling and finally a post-processing step in order to improve the quality of text regions and preserve stroke connectivity. After extensive experiments, our method demonstrated superior performance against four (4) well-known techniques on numerous degraded document images.