Pattern Recognition
Algorithms for clustering data
Algorithms for clustering data
A Spatial Thresholding Method for Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic thresholding of gray-level pictures using two-dimensional entropy
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
A new method for image segmentation
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Segmentation of Document Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition of handwritten symbols
Pattern Recognition
Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Improvement of Kittler and Illingworth's minimum error thresholding
Pattern Recognition
Gray Level Thresholding in Badly Illuminated Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Performance characterization in image analysis: thinning, a case in point
Pattern Recognition Letters
Segmentation of X-ray and C-scan images of fiber reinforced composite materials
Pattern Recognition
Pattern recognition with moment invariants: a comparative study and new results
Pattern Recognition
Document image analysis: a bibliography
Machine Vision and Applications - Special issue: document image analysis techniques
Evaluation of Binarization Methods for Document Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improvement of “integrated function algorithm” for binarization of document images
Pattern Recognition Letters
An Introduction to Digital Image Processing
An Introduction to Digital Image Processing
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Document Image Binarization Based on Texture Features
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition of Digits in Hydrographic Maps: Binary Versus Topographic Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Techniques for Assessing Polygonal Approximations of Curves
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithm and Performance Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image Thresholding by Indicator Kriging
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Integral Ratio: A New Class of Global Thresholding Techniques for Handwriting Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Twenty Years of Document Image Analysis in PAMI
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Madura: A Language for Learning Vision Programs from Examples
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Optical Character Recognition for Cursive Handwriting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Slice-adaptive histogram for improvement of anatomical structure extraction in volume data
Pattern Recognition Letters
Stable and Robust Vectorization: How to Make the Right Choices
GREC '99 Selected Papers from the Third International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Recent Advances
Optimal Threshold Estimation Using Prototype Selection
Proceedings of the Joint IAPR International Workshops on Advances in Pattern Recognition
ICAPR '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition
Correcting broken characters in the recognition of historical printed documents
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Facial feature location with Delaunay triangulation/Voronoi diagram calculation
VIP '01 Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney area workshop on Visual information processing - Volume 11
High-level algorithmic complexity evaluation for system design
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Evaluation of global image thresholding for change detection
Pattern Recognition Letters
Automatic Thresholding of Gray-level Using Multi-stage Approach
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Wavelet Diffusion for Document Image Denoising
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
ICDAR 2003 Robust Reading Competitions
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Variational Image Binarization and its Multi-Scale Realizations
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Text Locating Competition Results
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A Threshlod Selection Method Based on Multiscale and Graylevel Co-occurrence Matrix Analysis
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Optimal combination of document binarization techniques using a self-organizing map neural network
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Adaptive degraded document image binarization
Pattern Recognition
OCR binarization and image pre-processing for searching historical documents
Pattern Recognition
Locally adaptive block thresholding method with continuity constraint
Pattern Recognition Letters
SOM Segmentation of gray scale images for optical recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
SOM Segmentation of gray scale images for optical recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Goal-directed evaluation for the improvement of optical music recognition on early music prints
Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
High-speed smart camera with high resolution
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems
A double-threshold image binarization method based on edge detector
Pattern Recognition
A Multi-Lingual Translation System For Real-World Images
Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science
Character recognition using statistical parameters
SSIP'06 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing
A hidden Markov model-based character extraction method
Pattern Recognition
An Improved Hybrid Projection Function for Eye Precision Location
Medical Imaging and Informatics
A multi-plane approach for text segmentation of complex document images
Pattern Recognition
Morphological preprocessing method to thresholding degraded word images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Smart camera based on embedded HW/SW coprocessor
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems - Special issue on design and architectures for signal and image processing
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multilingual OCR
RSLDI: Restoration of single-sided low-quality document images
Pattern Recognition
A Binarization Method for a Scenery Image with the Fractal Dimension
CIARP '09 Proceedings of the 14th Iberoamerican Conference on Pattern Recognition: Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications
Segmentation of Chinese Postal Envelope Images for Address Block Location
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
An algorithm for image binarization based on adaptive threshold
CCDC'09 Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and decision conference
Neuro semantic thresholding using OCR software for high precision OCR applications
Image and Vision Computing
FUZZ-IEEE'09 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fuzzy Systems
Estimation of proper parameter values for document binarization
CGIM '08 Proceedings of the Tenth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging
SwiftPost: a vision-based fast postal envelope identification system
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Page segmentation using texture analysis
Pattern Recognition
Gabor filters-based feature extraction for character recognition
Pattern Recognition
A multi-scale framework for adaptive binarization of degraded document images
Pattern Recognition
A metasynthetic approach for segmenting handwritten Chinese character strings
Pattern Recognition Letters
A novel multi-threshold segmentation approach based on differential evolution optimization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An analysis of binarization ground truthing
DAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
Unsupervised measures for parameter selection of binarization algorithms
Pattern Recognition
Evaluation of binarization algorithms for camera-based devices
MCPR'11 Proceedings of the Third Mexican conference on Pattern recognition
Character segmentation from ancient palm leaf manuscripts in Thailand
Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing
Unsupervised multiresolution segmentation of SAR imagery based on region-based hierarchical model
AICI'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence - Volume Part II
An efficient iterative optimization algorithm for image thresholding
CIS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Computational and Information Science
Automatic high-speed flying ball detection from multi-exposure images under varying light conditions
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
Primitive segmentation in old handwritten music scores
GREC'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Graphics Recognition: ten Years Review and Future Perspectives
A robust text segmentation approach in complex background based on multiple constraints
PCM'05 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part I
Two thresholding for deriving the bi-level document image
PSIVT'06 Proceedings of the First Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology
Enhancement and cleaning of handwritten data by using neural networks
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part I
Image segmentation using fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms: survey and trends
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Methods for written ancient music restoration
ICIAR'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Improved segmentation of X-ray tomography data from porous rocks using a dual filtering approach
Computers & Geosciences
A data acquisition and analysis system for palm leaf documents in Telugu
Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition
A learning framework for the optimization and automation of document binarization methods
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A novel smart multi-license plate recognition method
PCM'12 Proceedings of the 13th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
An optimization for binarization methods by removing binary artifacts
Pattern Recognition Letters
Evaluating glyph binarizations based on their properties
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Research on born-digital image text extraction based on conditional random field
International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture
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This paper presents a methodology for evaluation of low-level image analysis methods, using binarization (two-level thresholding) as an example. Binarization of scanned gray scale images is the first step in most document image analysis systems. Selection of an appropriate binarization method for an input image domain is a difficult problem. Typically, a human expert evaluates the binarized images according to his/her visual criteria. However, to conduct an objective evaluation, one needs to investigate how well the subsequent image analysis steps will perform on the binarized image. We call this approach goal-directed evaluation, and it can be used to evaluate other low-level image processing methods as well. Our evaluation of binarization methods is in the context of digit recognition, so we define the performance of the character recognition module as the objective measure. Eleven different locally adaptive binarization methods were evaluated, and Niblack驴s method gave the best performance.