A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The design and evaluation of RAID 5 and parity striping disk array architectures
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on parallel I/O systems
Design, modeling, and evaluation of high-performance I/O subsystems
Design, modeling, and evaluation of high-performance I/O subsystems
An analytical model of reconstruction time in mirrored disks
Performance '93 Proceedings of the 16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international symposium on Computer performance modeling measurement and evaluation
A Performance Evaluation of RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Analysis of methods for scheduling low priority disk drive tasks
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Raid Book: A Source Book for Raid Technology
Raid Book: A Source Book for Raid Technology
Distributed systems with different degrees of multicasting
WOSP '02 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Software and performance
Analytic Modeling and Comparisons of Striping Strategies for Replicated Disk Arrays
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Analytic Modeling of Clustered RAID with Mapping Based on Nearly Random Permutation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
PAPM-PROBMIV '02 Proceedings of the Second Joint International Workshop on Process Algebra and Probabilistic Methods, Performance Modeling and Verification
My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
An Analytic Performance Model of Disk Arrays And Its Application
An Analytic Performance Model of Disk Arrays And Its Application
Issues and Challenges in the Performance Analysis of Real Disk Arrays
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A Response Time Distribution Model for Zoned RAID
ASMTA '08 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications
Bus Modelling in Zoned Disks RAID Storage Systems
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
JMT: performance engineering tools for system modeling
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
User-friendly approach to capacity planning studies with Java modelling tools
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
Performance Analysis of Centralized versus Distributed Recovery Schemes in P2P Storage Systems
NETWORKING '09 Proceedings of the 8th International IFIP-TC 6 Networking Conference
Modelling Zoned RAID Systems Using Fork-Join Queueing Simulation
EPEW '09 Proceedings of the 6th European Performance Engineering Workshop on Computer Performance Engineering
A realistic simulation model for peer-to-peer storage systems
Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools
Using bulk arrivals to model I/O request response time distributions in zoned disks and RAID systems
Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools
A study of the convergence of steady state probabilities in a closed fork-join network
ATVA'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Automated technology for verification and analysis
Closed form approximations for steady state probabilities of a controlled fork-join network
ICFEM'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Formal engineering methods and software engineering
On parametric steady state analysis of a generalized stochastic petri net with a fork-join subnet
PETRI NETS'11 Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Applications and theory of Petri Nets
Controlling variability in split-merge systems
ASMTA'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications
A highly reliable and parallelizable data distribution scheme for data grids
Future Generation Computer Systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
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A queueing model is developed that approximates the effect of synchronizations at parallel service completion instants. Exact results are first obtained for the maxima of independent exponential random variables with arbitrary parameters, and this is followed by a corresponding approximation for general random variables, which reduces to the exact result in the exponential case. This approximation is then used in a queueing model of RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) systems, in which accesses to multiple disks occur concurrently and complete only when every disk involved has completed. We consider the two most common RAID variants, RAID0-1 and RAID5, as well as a multi-RAID system in which they coexist. This can be used to model adaptive multi-level RAID systems in which the RAID level appropriate to an application is selected dynamically. The random variables whose maximum has to be computed in these applications are disk response times, which are modelled by the waiting times in M/G/1 queues. To compute the mean value of their maximum requires the second moment of queueing time and we obtain this in terms of the third moment of disk service time, itself a function of seek time, rotational latency and block transfer time. Sub-models for these quantities are investigated and calibrated individually in detail. Validation against a hardware simulator shows good agreement at all traffic intensity levels, including the threshold for practical operation above which performance deteriorates sharply.