Developing a reflective model of collaborative systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Communications of the ACM
The politics of design: representing work
Communications of the ACM
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The paradox of understanding work for design
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Understanding work and designing artefacts
A finger on the pulse: temporal rhythms and information seeking in medical work
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
It's About Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations
Organization Science
Because Time Matters: Temporal Coordination in Global Virtual Project Teams
Journal of Management Information Systems
On "Technomethodologyn";: foundational relationships between ethnomethodology and system design
Human-Computer Interaction
Infrastructure Time: Long-term Matters in Collaborative Development
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Constructing CSCW: The First Quarter Century
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Reflections on 25 Years of Ethnography in CSCW
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Although collaboration manifestly takes place in time, the role of time in shaping the behaviour of collaborations, and collaborative systems, is not well understood. Time is more than clock-time or the subjective experience of time; its effects on systems include differential rates of change of system elements, temporally non-linear behaviour and phenomena such as entrainment and synchronization. As a system driver, it generates emergent effects shaping systems and their behaviour. In the paper we present a systems view of time, and consider the implications of such a view through the case of collaborative development of a new university timetabling system. Teasing out the key temporal phenomena using the notion of temporal trajectories helps us understand the emergent temporal behaviour and suggests a means for improving outcomes.