Pose Determination of a Three-Dimensional Object Using Triangle Pairs
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An analytic solution for the perspective 4-point problem
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Review and analysis of solutions of the three point perspective pose estimation problem
International Journal of Computer Vision
Superior augmented reality registration by integrating landmark tracking and magnetic tracking
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time vision-based camera tracking for augmented reality applications
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Augmented reality for construction tasks: doorlock assembly
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
A fast and robust line-based optical tracker for augmented reality applications
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
Constrained self-calibration for augmented reality registration
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
Making augmented reality work outdoors requires hybrid tracking
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
Calibration Requirements and Procedures for a Monitor-Based Augmented Reality System
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Dynamic Registration Correction in Video-Based Augmented Reality Systems
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Orientation Tracking for Outdoor Augmented Reality Registration
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
PG '97 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Affine Object Representations for Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Enhanced Reality Visualization in a Surgical Environment
Enhanced Reality Visualization in a Surgical Environment
Dependable coding of fiducial tags
UCS'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Ubiquitous Computing Systems
Portable form filling assistant for the visually impaired
BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference
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In augmented reality (AR), a user can see a virtual world as well as the real world. To avoid registration problems between the virtual world and the real world, the user's viewing pose in both worlds should be kept the same. Fiducial-tracking AR is an attractive approach to the registration problem. However, most of the developed fiducialtracking AR systems have restricted workspaces. To provide a wide range of workspaces (from a small-scale desktop space to a large-scale space) and a wide range of views (from far views to detailed views), an AR system should have scalability. In this paper, we present multiring color fiducial systems and a real-time fiducial detection method for scalable fiducial-tracking AR. We analyze the optimal ring width and develop formulas to obtain the optimal fiducial set with applicationspecific inputs. We develop a real-time ring-detection method that converts the five-DOF ellipse-detection problem to a series of simple steps with a 1-D segmentfilter and multithreshold segmentation. The results lead to a simple and inexpensive means of achieving scalable-area tracking for AR and an approach that is suitable as an optical tracking method for VR as well.