IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Motion and Structure From Two Perspective Views: Algorithms, Error Analysis, and Error Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Determination of the Attitude of 3D Objects from a Single Perspective View
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Object recognition by computer: the role of geometric constraints
Object recognition by computer: the role of geometric constraints
High resolution virtual reality
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Through-the-lens camera control
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Camera Calibration with Distortion Models and Accuracy Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A theory of self-calibration of a moving camera
International Journal of Computer Vision
Charade: remote control of objects using free-hand gestures
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Knowledge-based augmented reality
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Autocalibration for virtual environments tracking hardware
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ARGOS: a display system for augmenting reality
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Robust methods for estimating pose and a sensitivity analysis
CVGIP: Image Understanding
Model-based object pose in 25 lines of code
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue: image understanding research at the University of Maryland
Annotating real-world objects using augmented reality
Computer graphics
Perceptual Organization and Visual Recognition
Perceptual Organization and Visual Recognition
Computer Vision
Camera Self-Calibration: Theory and Experiments
ECCV '92 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer Vision
Realtime Camera Calibration for Enhanced Reality Visualization
CVRMed '95 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine
Dynamic registration correction in augmented-reality systems
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Object pose: links between paraperspective and perspective
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Superior augmented reality registration by integrating landmark tracking and magnetic tracking
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time vision-based camera tracking for augmented reality applications
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Consolidated manipulation of virtual and real objects
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Augmented reality: “The future's so bright, I gotta wear (see-through) shades”
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Calibration for augmented reality experimental testbeds
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Fast calibration for augmented reality
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Tracking based structure and motion recovery for augmented video productions
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Use of the frame synchronization technique to improve the visualization realism on the Web
Distributed multimedia databases
Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Analysis of Head Pose Accuracy in Augmented Reality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Calibration-Free Augmented Reality in Perspective
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Augmented Reality Using Uncalibrated Video Sequences
SMILE '00 Revised Papers from Second European Workshop on 3D Structure from Multiple Images of Large-Scale Environments
A comprehensive calibration and registration procedure for the Visual Haptic Workbench
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
Affine Object Representations for Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
A Tracker Alignment Framework for Augmented Reality
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Scene Modelling, Recognition and Tracking with Invariant Image Features
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
AUIC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 40
Multiring Fiducial Systems for Scalable Fiducial-Tracking Augmented Reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Spatial relationship patterns: elements of reusable tracking and calibration systems
ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Proceedings of the 12th Monterey conference on Reliable systems on unreliable networked platforms
Practical calibration procedures for augmented reality
EG VE'00 Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
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Augmented reality entails the use of models and their associated renderings to supplement information in a real scene. In order for this information to be relevant or meaningful, the models must be positioned and displayed in such a way that they blend into the real world in terms of alignments, perspectives, illuminations, etc. For practical reasons the information necessary to obtain this realistic blending cannot be known a priori, and cannot be hard wired into a system. Instead a number of calibration procedures are necessary so that the location and parameters of each of the system components are known. We identify the calibration steps necessary to build a computer model of the real world and then, using the monitor based augmented reality system developed at ECRC (GRASP) as an example, we describe each of the calibration processes. These processes determine the internal parameters of our imaging devices (scan converter, frame grabber, and video camera), as well as the geometric transformations that relate all of the physical objects of the system to a known world coordinate system